The Shining Essays (2518 words) - English-language Films

The Shining Stanley Kubrick's The Shining (1980) at first got a lot of negative analysis. The film aggravated numerous Stephen King fans (and King himself) since it contrasted so extraordinarily from the novel. The Shining likewise baffled numerous filmgoers who expected an ordinary slasher film. All things considered, Kubrick said it would be the most terrifying thriller of all time.1 Kubrick's movies, be that as it may, never completely adjust to their individual kinds; they rise above nonexclusive desires. Similarly that 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) isn't simply one more space science fiction flick, The Shining is anything but a run of the mill blood and gore film. The beasts in The Shining begin not from dull lush regions, however from the openings of the secretive human brain with no attempt at being subtle, at that. Maybe Kubrick said The Shining is the most alarming thriller ever not on the grounds that it offers a touch of anticipation, blood, and violence, but since it sparkles a light on the intrinsically insidious nature of mankind on mental and sociological levels. After Kubrick purchased the rights to Stephen King's 1977 novel The Shining and employed writer Diane Johnson to help compose the screenplay, both Johnson and Kubrick read Freud's article on The Uncanny and Bruno Bettelheim's book about fantasies, The Uses of Enchantment.2 Kubrick clearly needed to outperform the scholarly profundity of contemporary blood and gore movies, for example, The Exorcist and Omen. He said he was pulled in to Stephen King's tale in light of the fact that there's something naturally amiss with the human character. There's an underhanded side to it. Something that loathsomeness stories can do is to show us the prime examples of the oblivious: we can see the clouded side without facing it legitimately. 2 So as to move his vision of the clouded side to the screen, be that as it may, Kubrick needed to generously modify the story in King's tale. With the assistance of Johnson, Kubrick tossed out the majority of King's ectoplasmic intercessions numerous phantoms, the wicked lift, the destructive drainpipe, the amassing wasps, and the vile fence creatures that wake up. Evidently Kubrick couldn't discover embellishments to invigorate the greenery in a palatable way. 2 Kubrick likewise abstained from for all intents and purposes all of Jack Torrance's disturbed history and his continuous drop into madness. Jessie Horsting, creator of Stephen King at the Movies, stated, I hated The Shining when it previously came out-as Stephen despite everything does. Furthermore, the chief explanation is that in the film, you knew from the beginning that Jack was insane. Furthermore, that, to me, murdered the anticipation. It executed the whole subtext of the book. It destroyed it, and I detested it.3 To be sure, King has regularly griped about Kubrick's film, saying its full title ought to be Stanley Kubrick's The Shining. In 1997, King found the opportunity to reclaim his story as official maker for Stephen King's The Shining. The six-hour ABC miniseries contained King's unique fiends and creepy growth. Steven Weber (of Wings) and his larger than average croquet hammer supplanted the hatchet using Jack Nicholson. Rebecca De Mornay played the provocative Wendy from the novel, rather than the drab mat played by Shelley Duvall in Kubrick's form. What's more, flashbacks uncovered Jack's flimsy mental history. So as to get the rights to change the film, King needed to consent to an arrangement with Kubrick forbidding huge scope video discharge and any conversation of Kubrick's film. On the off chance that I say anything regarding [Kubrick's movie], I'm in a tough situation, said King. In any case, on-screen character Courtland Mead, 10, who played Danny Torrance in the miniseries, stated, [Kubrick's film] was cool, however Stephen King didn't care for it. He thought Jack Nicholson was route over-the-top. 4 Like Adrian Lyne's 1998 revamp of Lolita, King's change of The Shining is progressively devoted to the novel. In the two cases, in any case, Kubrick's variants presently rank higher with most pundits not really in view of what Kubrick kept separate from his movies but since of the profundity he added to them. Indeed, even Jessie Horsting, who detested The Shining when it originally came out, conceded, When I had the option to separate from my desires based on what was on film there, I understood that it's in vogue, it is amazingly very much captured and all around considered, and it has its own pressure. It's simply not the strain I anticipated. 3 Kubrick plays with watcher desires and makes a remarkable sort of strain in The

The Relationship Between Fashion and Lifestyle Essay -- Sociology, Dre

The connection Between Fashion and Lifestyle In any case, I will see what design is; it is an at present well known style or work on including dress, footwear or frill. It generally alludes to the present patterns in looks and dressing style of an individual (Cumming 234). By and large, style is confusedly identified with ensembles; when an individual discusses design they are believed to mean style as far as material. Style supposedly originates from the Western world and it is duplicated by different spots. In this paper, we will see how mold influences ways of life and the gathering of individuals who are influenced most. The paper further researches how media is utilized to transmit design from one district to the next. Despite the fact that it has been believed to influence people’s lives numerous individuals have alternate points of view on style and dressing. From a noteworthy perspective, Western explorers had commented on the moderate pace of way of life and style change in Turkey and Persia. Then again, numerous individuals were of the sentiment that the western culture is turning crazy regarding dressing style (Cumming 234). Much of the time, change of design and dressing style occurred connected at the hip with financial and social changes. In the creating scene, changes in style started with the happening to the whites in Middle East. Changes started in the eleventh century when the Turks came to focal Asia and Far East. In Europe, persistent change in attire design is accepted to have begun in center fourteenth century. It began by an abrupt presentation of shortening and fixing of male pieces of clothing, it further brought the presentation of pants and stockings that were worn by men (Cumming 235). After the appearance of progress in men design, it was trailed by changes in female c... ...e day as per the patterns that are being watched. As of late, it has been seen that shrewd casuals are worn on Fridays. Thus, business organizations are permitting their laborers to dress-down so they can mix with their clients from different ventures. As social patterns are changing, the method of dressing is consistently evolving. Individuals are taking up the strolling way of life subsequently they think about getting into suits awkward. What's more, there is an expanding interest for attire molds that are perfect with all the exercises of the day. All in all, style will stand up a person’s social sign, individuals dress on plans that mix with their social class. Similarly as populace, social exercises and style are changing with time. Style has made garments to be convinient, everything should be finished with the least exertion and invest the least energy.

Personal Theoretical Paradigm Assignment - 550 Words

Personal Theoretical Paradigm Assignment (Essay Sample) Content: Student Name:Course:Institution:Instructor:Date:Personal Theoretical Paradigm AssignmentThe article that I will be discussing is the white privilege. White privilege is a phenomenon that has been denied and protected for a while. The white people are taught that racism is a concept that puts some people at a disadvantage. However, they are not been taught to see its corollary sides but to see it as something that puts them at an advantage. Functionalism is a theory that employs a framework that views the society as a complex network that has various parts working together to encourage stability and solidarity. The white people are cautiously taught that they should not identify white privilege in the same way that men are taught not to recognize male privilege. Analysts have taken it upon themselves to investigate how it feels to have white privilege. This investigation has revealed that white privilege is a package that consists of assets that can be collected on a daily basis. We are, however, taught to remain oblivious to these facts. This revelation makes people to be more accountable in a different manner. The studies conducted by women aim at exposing the male privilege and asking men to forfeit their power. The studies on white privilege should also ensure that they describe what it is and how it can be reduced or eliminated. Realizing the extent to which the men receive unacknowledged is essential in realizing that their oppressiveness was largely unconscious. Comparing this to the charges from women of color, you realize that the white women that they encounter are oppressive. This makes you realize why men are termed as oppressive even when you are not in a position to see yourselves in that manner. The white men enjoy unearned privilege for their skin yet they have been conditioned to oblivion about the existence of that phenomenon. The functionalism theory focuses on the society as a whole on the basis of its consti tuent elements. This includes traditions, norms, institutions, traditions, and customs. It considers the various constituents as parts of a body that coordinate activities that ensure that the body functions effectively as a whole. Considering the various principles that are advocated in functionalism, it is important for the white people to recognize the fact that white privilege exists and it disadvantages the black people. They are part of the society thus they should be considered as equals with the same privileges as the white people...

False Confession Experiment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1100 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2018/12/18 Category Psychology Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? Research Question The research question in the article, Innocent but Proven Guilty: Eliciting Internalized False Confessions Using Doctored-Video Evidence by Nash and Wade (2008), is: Could fake-video evidence lead people to believe they committed an act they never did? This research question is interesting as it reveals how people may be driven to make false confessions when presented with a fake-video evidence (Nash Wade, 2008). It further shows that the criminal justice system may be apprehending people, who have made false confessions, and deeming them guilty of actions they have not committed. The real criminals are left free to continue to commit more criminal offences. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "False Confession Experiment" essay for you Create order The research questions, therefore, attempts to investigate the probability and possibilities of people being proven guilty based on fabricated evidences. Introduction Research conducted by several scholars has indicated that most innocent people are proven guilty for criminal offences they did not commit. Such people end up behind bars serving time for offences they were not part of. Fake evidence is the main contributing factor to innocent people being locked in prisons. Fake evidence, such as fake eyewitness testimonies and fake-video evidence, pushes innocent people to make false confessions. With the advances in technology, more sophisticated and affordable computers, digital machines, and desk-top video editing machines have become more popular. These digital devices have also made it easier for people to recreate past events and use them against other people. When people view these videos, they are forced to believe that they were part and parcel of past criminal offences. The implication is false confessions by these people. Fake eyewitnesses may also convince people that they are guilty of committing various crimes through their fake testi monies. Fake eyewitnesses may also convince these people by suggesting that there are videos, which recorded them committing the criminal offences. As a result, these innocent people end up making false confessions. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate how fake-video evidences make people to believe they committed an act they never did. Methodology The researchers, Nash and Wade, compared between fake-video evidence and fake eyewitness testimonies in order to illustrate whether fake-video evidence could lead people to believe they committed a criminal offence they never did before. The researchers, further, employed a metacognitive model, which helped them to make a clear comparison. Three tests were also conducted (Nash Wade, 2008). These tests include investigating whether fake-video evidence generated more false confessions that fake eyewitness evidence, find out a new model for examining the impact of fake evidence on false confessions, and to collect data on cognitive forces. The task the subjects performed is likely to be very important but the exact nature of their stimuli is not. Results The main findings of the research were that the participants believed to have committed criminal offences when presented with false evidence. 93% of the total subjects internalized and signed the confessions forms. 87% out of the 93% signed the confession papers on the first request while 7% signed after the second request. In experiment one and two, 67% and 73% of the subjects believed they committed the criminal offences after viewing the fake-video evidences (Nash Wade, 2008). On the other side, experiment one and two showed that 60% and 13% of the subjects respectively made false confessions when presented with fake eyewitness evidence. These figures answer the research questions by suggesting that there is a high likelihood of people making false confessions when presented with fake-video evidences. Implications Nash and Wade found out that fake-video evidences produced false confessions from innocent people. The implication of the experiments is that most of the subjects believed that the main aim of the research was to investigate their gambling habits and not false confessions, compliance issues, and memory distortions among many others. This reveals how the topic on false confessions is not always a product of the many experiments that are often conducted by scholars. An effective model should, therefore, be developed to deal with the fabricated evidence presented to innocent people. Future research should be carried out to find the frequency of fake-evidence videos resulting into false confessions. The impacts of the fake-video confessions on false confessions should be investigated. Lastly, effective strategies should be researched to get rid of the fake-video evidences and fake eyewitness evidences in order to prevent the justice system from apprehending the wrong people. Critique In my opinion, the article, Innocent but Proven Guilty: Eliciting Internalized False Confessions Using Doctored-Video Evidence by Nash and Wade (2008), is very resourceful how fake-video evidences results into false confessions. The research design of the article makes sense. The research design was also perfect for answering the research question. No other research design could be used to answer the research question. I would involve the criminal justice officials in further experiments. The criminal justice officials, such as criminal detectives, could be used to convey the fake evidences. Such an experiment would show whether the frequency of fake-video evidence and fake eyewitness evidences in producing false confessions would be equal or not. An example of such an experiment with a similar research question was conducted recently by Frances Chapman in 2006 in his article, Coerced Internalized False Confessions and Police Interrogations: The Power of Coercion. Frances Chapman con ducted a research on how people fall victims of coerced internalized false confessions. In his experiment, Frances investigated how police interrogations resulted into coerced internalized false confessions. He further investigated the Billy Wayne Cope case in order to come up with a conclusive argument. The article by Frances Chapman (2006) is similar to Nash and Wades article (2008) as it attempts to point out how the criminal justice system or rather the legal system apprehends people on the basis of false evidence. France shows how the interrogators use fake-video evidences and fake eyewitness evidences to convince their suspects of taking part in various criminal offences. Both articles show how the suspects are made to believe that their lack of memory brought about by alcohol, stress, and blackout may have driven them to forget their involvement in certain criminal offences. Conclusion In conclusion, fake-video evidence results into coerced internalized false confessions. Human beings are made to believe that they committed various criminal offences even when they never did. Fake-video evidences and fake eyewitness evidence are the main contributors of innocent people being proven guilty. However, Nash and Wade reveal in their article, Innocent but Proven Guilty: Eliciting Internalized False Confessions Using Doctored-Video Evidence (2008), that the frequency of fake-video evidence resulting into false confessions is higher compared to the fake eyewitness evidences. References Robert Nash Kimberley Wade. (2008). Innocent but Proven Guilty: Eliciting Internalized False Confessions Using Doctored-Video Evidence, John Wiley Sons, Ltd, 1-28.

Interpersonal Communication Skills And Cognitive Academic...

Describe basic interpersonal communication skills and cognitive academic language proficiency from your own understanding (1’). †¢ Interpersonal communication skills, for me is the ability to speak to one another in a form that will allow us to exchange ideas, thoughts, information and emotions. If I had to explain this form of communication in one word I would say â€Å" Chat† this is because in a chat you are to swap and discuss a topic that is either important to you or the listener, or about something that may bother you and make you feel a certain way. Some basic interpersonal skills are body language, gestures, facial expressions and verbal dialogue. †¢ Cognitive Academic language Proficiency: this is for me the intellectual part of learning a new language. This is the ability to write, speak, understand, analyze, compare and evaluate information in the acquisitioned language. 2. Describe one of the following models: Two-way Bilingual Immersion program, Transitional Bilingual Education, or Structured English Immersion (1’). †¢ Transitional Bilingual Education: In my opinion this model refers to the ability to transition from a fully fluent language to a new language. In other words a child’s ability to smoothly transition from one language to the other will solemnly depend on whether or not that student has his native language down packed and whether or not that student may perfectly understand, speak, write and evaluate their primary language before they move on to attainShow MoreRelatedExplain The Differences Between Bics And Calp1081 Words   |  5 Pagesinteraction in second language acquisition. 3. What is the role of a student’s primary language proficiency in second language acquisition? 4. Define Specially Designed Academic Instruction in English (SDAIE). Explain the goals and objectives and instruction features of this framework. (10 points) 5. 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For example, This BICS example wasRead MoreProfessional Development For Teachers With English Language Learners837 Words   |  4 Pagesthat promotes English language acquisition and literacy proficiency for English language learners is the cornerstone of literacy reform in the United States. In this assignment, I define teacher knowledge. I then identify three areas of professional development that, by increasing teacher knowledge, would translate to increased learning gains for English language learners. Teacher Knowledge Carlisle, Kelcey, Rowan, and Phelps (2011) distinguished between teacher academic knowledge and teacherRead MoreThe Importance Of Learners With Gifts And Talents1649 Words   |  7 Pages As the population of English Language Learners , otherwise known as ELLs, has been increasing over the past few decades, so has their disproportionate representation in special education. Too many of our ELLs are often disproportionately placed in special education programs, which may be considered a challenge faced by both general and special educators. But what about the underrepresentation of ELLs in the gifted and talented programs? It seems as though general educators struggle to provide theseRead MoreEnglish Language Learner : The United States2145 Words   |  9 Pageslittle English and they are considered to be an English Language Learner (ELL) defined by â€Å"those whose primary language is a language other than English and who have English language skill deficiencies that impair their learning in regular classrooms† (Malagon, McCold, Hernandez, 2011, p. IV). While parents truly believe their children will receive a better education in the United States as oppose t o the country they came from, English Language Learner students face a number of everyday challengesRead MoreDiscuss How Children with English as an Additional Language (Eal) Can Be Included Within the Daily Mathematics Lesson636 Words   |  3 PagesEnglish as an Additional Language (EAL) can be included within the daily mathematics lesson 1906833 Table of Contents Front Cover 1 Essay: Part I: discussion: how children with eal can be included in the daily mathematics lesson.. 3-10 Part II: lesson plan to incorporate stategies for eal learners†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦11-15 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.16-17 Appendix 18 E.A.L. stands for English, as an Additional Language. 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Contemporary Accounting Research Myer Holdings Ltd.

Question: Discuss about the Contemporary Accounting Research for Myer Holdings Ltd. Answer: Introduction In the main, this research paper would be helpful to evaluate annual reports of Myer Holdings Ltd. (MYR) with regards to the reporting requirements that are enforced on accountants. Moreover, for this paper I would like to select Myer Holdings Ltd as a prime company. The other company that I would like to select in order to make out the differences in disclosures is David Jones Limited (DJL). In addition to this, this research paper would be helpful to evaluate the annual reports of both companies in compliance with the conceptual framework in order to make out the discrepancy in corporate reporting in an effective way. Structure of the Paper In the first section of this paper I would like to provide all the detailed information of the both chosen companies MYR and DJL. Moreover, in the second section, I would like to confirm annual reports of both companies in compliance with the conceptual framework as well as standards. In the third section, I would like to give some important suggestions that the firms must implement to improve the overall efficiency of the organizations. Company Background Myer Holdings Ltd.: MYR is the leading retail company in Australia. It offers a large variety of products such as: clothes, toys, electrical, home wares, food confectionery, footwear accessories, cosmetics fragrance, books stationery, furniture bedding, travel goods, and so forth (Myer Pty Ltd. 2016). David Jones Limited: DJL is a fashionable department store in Australia. DJL was established by David Jones in 1838. Along with this, David Jones is the oldest operating department store that is still trading in its innovative name (David Jones. 2016). Annual Reports In Compliance With Conceptual Framework Standards Conceptual Framework: This discussion of this section is depends on the consolidated financial statements as well as annual reports of the Myer and Jones. To make this discussion effective and the comparison advantageous, the accounting policies that are used in the preparation of the financial as well as annual reports would also be discusses in this section. The management of both companies needs to estimate the things that may affect the annual reports of the organizations. It is because of a business organization contain inherent uncertainties and for that reason, the management must estimate and also make assumptions in order to prepare accurate financial reports as well as annual reports at the end of the year (Mondelez International, 2016). On the other hand, it should be noted down that, the Myer prepares its consolidated financial statements as per the AASB (Australian Accounting Standards Board). The firm fully obliged to implement the entire pre-determined accounting standard to prepare its consolidated financial statements in reference to AASB. The firm is obliged to make its financial statements according to the AASB due to several reasons. For case, the main reason is that, all the listed companies are obliged to work as per the Australian Accounting Standards Board. In this case, Myer is also a listed company and fully compelled to follow AASB in a systematic way (AASB, 2015). On the other hand, it should also be noted down that, AASB are also issued by IASB (International Accounting Standards Board) and all the listed organizations are obliged to prepare their consolidated financial statements as per the global accounting standards. Apart from this, David Jones is also a listed company and it is also obliged to prepare its consolidated financial statements in line with Australian Accounting Standards Board. In the same manner, it should be noted down that both Myer and David Jones put into practice the AASB accounting standards in order to prepare and to present their annual reports in an effective and an appropriate way (Wang, 2014). On the other hand, it should also be noted down that, the economic characteristic as well as risks that are inherent in the economy of the nation also influence the financial activities and outcomes of the companies. In that case, the accounting standards provided by AASB play a significant role in order to discontinue such activities that may influence the operations as well as financial results of the firms. Along with this, to break off these types of activities, AASB obliged to display all the additional disclosures such as: cash flow, balance sheet, and so no in order to prepa re consolidated financial statements and annual reports accurately (Tarca, Morris and Moy, 2013). As a result, Myer is including its additional disclosures in order to prepare its consolidated financial statements as well as annual reports as per the specified accounting standards. In the same manner, David Jones also applies the accounting standards provided by AASB in order to prepare as well as present its annual reports at the end of each and every financial year. Moreover, David Jones also operates its business in different countries and for that reason the firm concentrated on all its business as well as financial reports in order to make sure that all the financial statements and financial reports that is disclosed by the firm are adequate and also according to international financial reporting standards (Braun, Haynes, Lewis and Taylor, 2015). Along with this, the main focus of the firm is to observe all the international accounting standards as well as guidelines are followed by the firm in a proper way. In this wait, with the help of the valuation of both companies, it can be assumed that both Myer and David Jones follow the Australian Accounting Standards Board to prepare their consolidated financial statements and annual reports accurately. Fair Value Accounting Standards: On the basis of the previous annual reports of the chosen organizations, it should be noted down that both business organizations use fair value accounting method to predict the accurate value of assets, liabilities, and equities of the business firms. In addition to this, AASB also expresses that the firms must consider the fair value as price in order to sell their assets, to pay their liabilities and to make all the transactions in an effective and a comprehensive manner (Barth, 2015). On the other hand, it should also be noted down that, both companies take in historical cost convention method, assessment of investment properties, trading securities, available-for-sale financial assets, financial assets liabilities at fair value, derivative contracts, and so forth in order to proper financial reports of the firms in an accurate way. Moreover, fair value of valuation is an effective method that plays a critical role in order to estimate accurate value of the assets of the firms. In the AASB, the fair value method is also famous as market-to-market accounting practice (Crawford, Ferguson, Helliar and Power, 2014). In addition to this, both firms formulate as well as implement accounting standards in order to make sure the consistency and significance of the information that do not influence particular interests as well as results of the organizations. In addition to this, all the way by using the fair value method, both companies evaluate as well as represent their assured assets as well as liabilities in the balance sheet on the basis of their fair market prices. Moreover, both companies use fair value method to measure all their assets in order to reveal the exact value of business in front of their investors and shareholders (Daske, Hail, Leuz and Verdi, 2013). In addition to this, fair value accounting method entails financial reporting of assets as well as liabilities on the B/S at fair value. The method also reflects on changes in actual value of assets as well as liabilities the same as gains and losses in the income statement. Code of Conduct and Corporate Government Statement: On the basis of the annual reports of the firm, it should also be noted down that, Myer put into practice code of conduct and corporate government to prepare the report of director in an appropriate way. Along with this, David Jones also talks about the corporate governance in its financial statements. At the end of each and every year both firms issue a corporate governance report as the notes of the financial statements (Biondi, et al., 2014). Moreover, the codes of ethics reports of both companies are accessible on their official websites. It should also be noted down that corporate governance framework as well as practices provided numerous policies as well as guidelines that are adopted by the Board of the companies in order to meet their corporate social responsibilities in a proper way. In addition to this, Myer and David Jones also bring to light the work carried out by the companies over the past financial year. Both companies talk about the code of conduct that is related t o their workplaces (Barth, Landsman, Lang and Williams, 2012).. In this way, it can be said that, both companies follow corporate governance and also related documents, charters and policies appropriately. Economic and Risks Factors: Myer declared the economic as well as risks factors in the notes to its financial statements. David Jones did not state economic and risk factors in its financial statement. Moreover, in todays emerging market, economic, political and regulatory risks are evaluated by Myer effectively. Myer contains all the information in their Annual Report or on Form 10-K. Myer operates its businesses in the highly competitive industry, so it reveals the political, economic and regulatory risks and also forward-looking information in its annual reports (Christensen, Lee Walker and Zeng, 2015). The annual reports of Myer are free from bias because of it provides fair as well as accurate financial information in their financial or annual reports. Recommendation On the basis of the above conversation, it can be recommended that David Jones should release information linked to risk factors in its annual reports. For instance, the firm must prepare a report of statement that may represent all the business related risks in front of its investors and shareholders. This strategy would be helpful in order to improve the image of business firm in an effective way (Dye and Sunder, 2001).. Moreover, David Jones operates its business in the global market and also faces several risks; so it must point out the risks factors in its reports in order to designate the shareholders about the prospective of the business. In addition to this, it is also suggested that Myer must consider all the major aspects linked to the IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards). For case, in order to prepare and develop financial statements as well as reports, the firm must adopt and implement guidelines and standards of IFRS. The firm must prepare financial statements as per the accounting standards of IFRS. IFRS would also be helpful to overcome the financial error in a proper way. At the same time, it should also be noted down that, Myer runs its operations in many countries and as a result it should apply the international standards to follow international aspects connected to business (Francis, Huang and Khurana, 2015). On the other hand, it is also recommended that, Myer should release all its essential information for the profits of investors and stakeholders. Moreover, the firm should also work as per the accounting standards and also fulfill its corporate social responsibilities in an effective and a more comprehensive manner. In addition to this, it is also suggested that the firm must provide training to its human resources; so they can fulfill their corporate social responsibilities and also improve image of the corporation in front of others. To end with, it is also suggested that, the company should concentrate on different kinds of risks that may influence the profitability as well as productivity of the company in a negative way. The firm should develop innovative strategies to deal and to conquer certain risk in an effective way (Ahmed, Neel and Wang, 2013). On the whole, it is suggested that, the company should follow all the pre-determined guidelines and accounting standards for the ov erall success as well as growth of the organization. References AASB. (2016). Available At: https://www.aasb.gov.au/ [Accessed On 19th August 2016]. Ahmed, A. S., Neel, M. and Wang, D. (2013) Does mandatory adoption of IFRS improve accounting quality? Preliminary evidence. Contemporary Accounting Research, 30(4), pp. 1344-1372. Barth, M. E. (2015). Commentary on Prospects for Global Financial Reporting. Accounting Perspectives, 14(3), pp. 154-167. Barth, M. E., Landsman, W. R., Lang, M. and Williams, C. (2012). Are IFRS-based and US GAAP-based accounting amounts comparable? Journal of Accounting and Economics, 54(1), pp. 68-93. Biondi, Y., Tsujiyama, E., Glover, J., Jenkins, N. T., Jorgensen, B., Lacey, J. and Macve, R. (2014). Old hens make the best soup: accounting for the earning process and the IASB/FASB attempts to reform revenue recognition accounting standards. Accounting in Europe, 11(1), pp. 13-33. Braun, G. P., Haynes, C. M., Lewis, T. D. and Taylor, M. H. (2015). Principles-based vs. rules-based accounting standards: The effects of auditee proposed accounting treatment and regulatory enforcement on auditor judgments and confidence. Research in Accounting Regulation, 27(1), pp. 45-50. Christensen, H. B., Lee, E., Walker, M. and Zeng, C. (2015). Incentives or standards: What determines accounting quality changes around IFRS adoption? European Accounting Review, 24(1), pp. 31-61. Crawford, L., Ferguson, J., Helliar, C. V. and Power, D. M. (2014). Control over accounting standards within the European Union: the political controversy surrounding the adoption of IFRS 8. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 25(4), pp. 304-318. Daske, H., Hail, L., Leuz, C. and Verdi, R. (2013). Adopting a label: Heterogeneity in the economic consequences around IAS/IFRS adoptions. Journal of Accounting Research, 51(3), pp. 495-547. Dye, R. A. and Sunder, S. (2001). Why not allow FASB and IASB standards to compete in the US?. Accounting horizons, 15(3), pp. 257-271. Francis, J. R., Huang, S. X. and Khurana, I. K. (2015). The Role of Similar Accounting Standards In Crossà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Border Mergers and Acquisitions. Contemporary Accounting Research. Myer Pty Ltd. (2016). Annual Reports. Available At: https://investor.myer.com.au/Reports/ [Accessed On 19th August 2016]. Tarca, A., Morris, R. D. and Moy, M. (2013). An investigation of the relationship between use of international accounting standards and source of company finance in Germany. Abacus, 49(1), pp. 74-98. David Jones. (2016). Available At: https://www.davidjones.com.au/Contact-Us [Accessed On 19th August 2016]. Wang, C. (2014). Accounting standards harmonization and financial statement comparability: Evidence from transnational information transfer. Journal of Accounting Research, 52(4), pp. 955-992. Zeff, S. (2014). The IASB and FASB stumble over the annuity method of depreciation. Accounting in Europe, 11(1), pp. 55-57.

Taliesin West Essay Example

Taliesin West Essay â€Å"Human houses should not be like boxes, blazing in the sun, nor should we outrage the Machine by trying to make dwelling places too complementary to Machinery. Any building for humane purposes should be an elemental, sympathetic feature of the ground, complementary to its nature-environment, belonging by kinship to the terrain. † Frank Lloyd Wright Brilliant, inspirational, influential, innovative; these are a just a few adjectives that illustrate a very significant man with many traits. A pioneer in his field of work and study, Frank Lloyd Wright has a plethora of architectural masterpieces spread out throughout the world. Wright was born In Richland Center, Wisconsin on June 8, 1867. His father gave him the love for music, but it was his mother who encouraged him to become an architect. Wright attended Madison High School, and it was then and there where he first began to realize his aspirations of being an architect. After dropping out of high school, and two semesters of studying civil engineering at the University of Wisconsin, Wright moved to Chicago in 1887. We will write a custom essay sample on Taliesin West specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Taliesin West specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Taliesin West specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Wright found work at the architectural firm of Joseph Lyman Silsbee, however Wrights ambition took him to the architectural firm of Alder and Sullivan. Louis Sullivan was an inspirational figure in Wrights career and eventually led him to be the architect is he known as today. Wright adapted Sullivan’s slogan â€Å"form follows function† and changed it into the phrase â€Å"form and function are one. † It was right then when Wright introduced the word ‘organic’ into his philosophy of architecture. A term that was coined by Frank Lloyd Wright himself, Organic architecture is the harmonization between human habitation and the natural environment. It strives to entail a value for natural materials, blending in with the environment and surroundings, with a natural expression of the function of the building. Organic architecture, as Frank Lloyd Wright defined it, means â€Å"not just looking at nature but looking into it. † This means an architect must pay attention to everything around him, analyzing and understanding every aspect of the surroundings. Organic architecture is much like vernacular architecture and critical regionalism. The building or structure would look completely out of place if it were to be set anywhere else. It has to do with the place it is as well as the culture around it. Wright has a number of projects that exemplify his organic approach, but none illustrate it as well as his very own Taliesin West. Taliesin West is built out of the stone and sand of the earth that had been gathered and found from the surrounding area by Wright himself and his students. He used this â€Å"rammed earth† much like Rick Joy had done in his studio in Tucson, to make the building appear as if it had shot up out of the desert dirt and grown to appear the way it appears merely by time and age, giving the building a sense of belonging within its context. The domain of the building is as if it is never ending, with nothing but dirt, rock, and mountains in the distance surrounding the campus. Taliesin west resembles Wrights other organic work, in specific Falling Water. Both buildings have few curves, and both are focused on solids and cavities. The reality of both structures is not the buildings themselves but the spaces within the buildings. Taliesin west is a brilliant example of organic architecture if not his best because of its natural qualities that bleed out of the desert sand like a vine oozing out of a wall. Wrights architectural vision was to create a campus that was in total harmony with the surrounding nature. Native rocks were hauled from near by with a natural color that emulates the desert tint. Red wooden rafters as appose to the traditional style roof that binds together a translucent canvas that embellishes the golden sun upon the interior of the building. Everything about the structure is in sync with the surroundings. Taliesin West is what Ken Frampton would call Critical regional architecture. A place much like Moore Lyndon Whitaker’s Sea Ranch or Alvar Aalto’s Finish Pavilion where it can only be located where it is. A tour through Taliesin West would start at his office. But right before you enter, your attention is interrupted by the vibrant, yet complex Asian sculpture that stood in front of the entryway. The idea of him incorporating Asian art within his structure did not surprise me however. Ever since his visit to the Columbian exhibition in Chicago, Wright was closely influenced by Asian architecture and art, and had symbolized his appreciation for the arts by incorporating them throughout his buildings. The sculpture that lies by the front entrance of Taliesin West is one of many sculptures that’s cattered around the building, and it symbolizes a transition into the following area. The following area is the Office and Wrights part time design studio. The building is a light and spacious room, with exposed wooden beams sustaining a translucent canvas roof and slightly slanted walls that give the illusion that the ground is at a slant. A low drafting table stood in the middle of the room with chairs surrounding it facing the adjacent walls. It is a studio and a space where Wright showed his clients his work and ideas. The significance of this specific building is apparent from the moment you enter its domain. The door, witch is not shaped like a door you will find in an average office building or home, is designed to be deliberately dark, narrow, and low, almost in the shape of a coffin. This Japanese technique is a trademark of Wrights style and is called â€Å"compression and release. † It forces the visitor to bow and conveys a feeling of an embrace before the sudden contrast of release into a room with a suddenly raised ceiling filled with natural light. These short and narrow entrances also encourage visitors to not lurk and block entryways. The open space is designed methodically so there is a space for his clients to sit down (on chairs he designed himself), and an area where Mr. Wright can display his drawings. The walls of the building where built of the same indigenous rocks that are spread out throughout the entire site, a texture that appears rough and grimy. These rocks are the color they are not from artificial paint but from age. The harmonies of these innate colors are used to achieve coherence. John Meunier, architect and professor used the natural brick color to achieve color harmony in his own house, a technique influenced by Frank Lloyd Wright. Wright uses natural surfaces in his usonian houses to embody â€Å"Truth to materials. † Frank Lloyd Wright doesn’t place things into his projects because he likes it or he thinks it looks good, everything he does has value and function. Throughout the entire campus there are openings draped with canvas. The canvas admits a soft diffused light, taking away the shadow, and therefore making it easier to draw. In the corner of the office stands a fireplace. The fireplaces are in just about every room, and considering the geographic location of the campus, it may seem a little odd that a fireplace was one of the consistent features to each room. However, Wright used the fireplaces not as heating devices but rather a symbolic gesture to symbolize family, and comfort. Wright used the symbolic fireplace in the Robbie house as well, one of his most illustrious houses. The next building is a design studio trapped in on both sides with another fireplace on one end and a vault to store his paintings on the other end. The studio overlooks the sunken garden and an invigorating pool of water that reflects the glistening sun. The pool was not used for amusement, however it was placed right next to studio and kitchen in case of a fire so one could run out 15 yards and soak themselves free of flames. Wright felt comforted by the sounds and sight of water and chose a triangular shaped reflecting pool to fulfill his wife’s desires. The site is blemished with other water features giving it a sense of order, including a circular fountain in the courtyard and a metal dish-fountain at the entrance. At night, the pool is illuminated giving the site a contrast of what it looks like during the day. Frank Lloyd Wright was an entertainer. The living room, a manipulative, airy space, with low ceilings, built in chairs that he designed and a grand piano was a room meant to entertain. Many guests, often famous, came to visit his legendary â€Å"Taliesin Evenings. † Again, almost everything Wright incorporates into his buildings has a purpose. That fact is no different in the living room. The ceilings low to force the guests to sit down and the chairs built in to compel the guests to look at the hillside and sky that lies right outside the building. The chairs in witch he designed himself where deliberately built uncomfortably so the user doesn’t sit there too long. There is also an intentional lack of wall space for artwork because Wrights architecture was the artwork. There are numerous windows to illuminate the open space with natural light during the day, and because Wright hated to look at electricity, he subtly placed light bulbs under the roof rafters to light up the living room at night. The technology of the room is quite significant with its very own indoor gutter system that streams water through the beams, and also has an air conditioning system that blows refreshing cold air up from the ground. The texture of the interior walls, much like the office, is a rough, jagged texture. The floor is enclosed in carpet to give a comforting feeling to the space, an ideal vibe you want in a room meant for entertainment. Wright felt the view was a vital part to the overall domain of the campus. Wright felt so strongly about this that when the city implanted telephone wires across the horizon he went directly to president Harry S. Truman, demanding that they be buried under the ground. Although his efforts were eventually futile, it clearly demonstrated his passion and desire to make the structure exactly how he envisioned it. The Dining room is a small, enclosed area, with little light and almost a dark feel to it. Inside lies another very large fireplace engraved at the end of the room and even a barbeque to grill on. This room has the most Asian art dispersed throughout it, an art form that Wright was very fond of. The most interesting thing about the room however is the window with a cut out circle just for the side of a vase. Wright loved the way the light reflected off the vase right where it was, so when the glass was installed he had the installers build the glass around the vase, another example of his controlling personality when it came to design. As you walk down past a garden you come across Mr. And Mrs. Wrights bedrooms, witch are overlooking a private garden with excellent valley views. Both rooms are small and minimal, containing the same masonry walls and exposed wooden beams that are prevalent throughout the campus. Wrights wife, Olgivanna, had a separate room. Olgivanna’s room featured bi-fold doors that could fold together to minimize the space taken up and let in natural light due to the lack of the lack of windows. It also featured a photo-mural of a 12-panel Japanese screen, once again showing his appreciation for Asian art. The space is organized in a way that when the bi-fold doors are open, it allows for a perfect lounging area to observe the beautiful green garden. The room next door is Frank Lloyd Wrights bedroom, and it offers a nicer interior then of his wife’s. Wright had built himself horizontal shelving that is in relationship with the rest of the room, creating a theme of horizontal lines throughout the bedroom. He inserted a fireplace to give the room a comforting family like feel to it, and also added separate areas for napping and sleeping. Wright loved to work with light and in his bedroom he worked with it in an innovative way. In order to take away the reflection of the light being let it, Wright had the brilliant idea of tilting the glass window, this way the light would reflect off the glass and bounce right back out. This room had no lamps at all, once again showing his dislike for artificial light. After visiting Wrights sleeping space, the tour would lead you past another miniature pool, a fire-breathing dragon, and into a multi-purpose room named the Kiva theatre. The Kiva was a dimmed lit, rectangular room that had many uses. Its main purpose was to watch director’s cuts of movies through a projector shining on to the projector screen at the end of the room. The room however was also used for storing belongings and even sleeping for when the weather gets rough. Many famous people would come through and watch movies here: Liz Taylor, John Wayne to name a couple. A large circular table with chairs around it sits directly in the middle of the room giving the room a purpose. Its obvious the table is not there for dining, it is there to establish human relationships. To bring people together and get them to sit around a table and face each other, forcing human interaction. The room has no windows witch allows for very little natural light to seep through. The light is gathered from the light bulbs that are hidden under the ground and in the corners of the room, hidden from the common eye. The horizontal shelves that were in his bedroom are installed around the Kiva as well giving it the same horizontal line theme that is apparent in the bedroom. One of the largest buildings throughout the campus is the Music Pavilion. A large, well lit open space, with a stage, auditorium style seating, and a high canvas ceiling was built for Wright’s daughter. The pavilion was built on a slope to limit the amount of materials made to accommodate for the slope of the seats. The Greek Theatre has the same technique used where the stadium is included into the landscape, making the mountains part of the domain. This is also a Chinese technique called â€Å"borrowed landscape. † The canvas ceilings and other absorptive soft surfaces don’t allow for the best reverberation time, especially for small ensemble chamber-music performances. However for large ensembles with brass or woodwinds, the acoustics are sufficient. The canvas does serve for a good purpose however, giving the room a natural golden tint that is let in through a controlled manner. One thing that stood out to me about this specific theatre was the mural that was placed on the wall near the walkway. The mural, a colorful marriage of geometric shapes and bright colors looked like nothing else throughout the entire campus, however it reminded me of Wright’s influence and appreciation of Piet Mondrian’s work in the De Stijil era. To many people’s understandings, Frank Lloyd Wright was an innovative human being, a pioneering individual, and a man with a creative mind. He had an idea to build a theatre underground like a cave, and the way he decided to make his idea come to life, included lots of dynamite. Although not the best idea, the Cabaret theatre was eventually produced. A dark, narrow, dim lit, cave like room, that slanted toward a hallow stage was used for entertainment and performances. Greatbuildings. com The amount of natural light that is let in is limited because of its placement underground; therefore artificial light is the main source. Once again because of Wrights renowned dislike of artificial light and light bulbs, the lights are hidden within the ceiling rocks and the pathways that lead guests to their seats. The seats are all placed at a specific angle so that when Wright’s guests came to visit and watch the show, they could cross their legs and their head would be facing the stage effortlessly. The cabaret has a maximum capacity of about 50 people and the stage has room for an ensemble of at least six or a piano quartet if the piano is not a grand concert piano. There are no parallel walls, and no soft surfaces on the walls throughout the theatre, allowing for a long reverberation time. The acoustics are astonishingly good. The acoustics can be tuned by raising or lowering hinged panels in openings on one side of the theatre if one chooses to. As I stuck my head down and crouched out of the Cabaret Theatre, the last and final stop on my enlightening yet exhilarating tour, I at last realized how truly organic and natural the entire campus actually is. Every aspect of the campus involves a respect for the properties of the materials, and a respect for the harmonious relationship between the form and the function of the building. Taliesin West integrates all of the different spaces into a harmonious whole. It is a perfect marriage between the desert and the structure. The walkways, platforms, bridges, and terraces not only intertwine the buildings to one another, but also tie the entire complex to the mountains and valleys surrounding it, lending it a sort of rhythm. Throughout the walkthrough of the campus there are a number of themes that are prevalent. The Asian sculptures that are placed at the edge of every section to exemplify transition to a new area, the compress and release style doors, the same indigenous rocks used as walls, the pools, Wrights reluctance to use artificial light, the fireplaces, the horizontal lines; all of these are themes that give Taliesin West a pervading sense of order. It is the order that brings life to Taliesin West. Taliesin West is just one of Frank Lloyd Wright’s examples of organic architecture, however quite possibly the best example. It most certainly harmonizes human habitation with nature, it absolutely values the use of natural materials, it without a doubt blends in with the surrounding environment, and most importantly, in the words of Mr. Wright himself â€Å"belongs by kinship to the terrain. † Taliesin West Frank Lloyd Wright ALA 100 Intro to Environmental Design

The Struggle of Good vs. Evil in J.R.R. Tolkien’s the Lord of the Rings Trilogy Essays

The Struggle of Good vs. Evil in J.R.R. Tolkien’s the Lord of the Rings Trilogy Essays The Struggle of Good vs. Evil in J.R.R. Tolkien’s the Lord of the Rings Trilogy Paper The Struggle of Good vs. Evil in J.R.R. Tolkien’s the Lord of the Rings Trilogy Paper Essay Topic: The Book Thief The Hobbit The Lord Of the Rings the Fellowship Of the Ring The Struggle of Good vs. Evil in J. R. R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings Trilogy J. R. R. Tolkien is one of the most influential fantasy writers of all time. He has been referred to as the â€Å"father† of modern fantasy literature. Tolkien was an English writer, poet, philologist, and a professor at Oxford University. He has written The Hobbit, The Silmarillion, the famous Lord of the Rings trilogy, and more. The Lord of the Rings has inspired literature, artwork, music, film, videogames, and television. In The Lord of the Rings trilogy, Tolkien suggests that the ends do not justify the means. J. R. R. Tolkien was born on January 3rd 1892, the child of Arthur and Mabel Tolkien. Arthur Reuel Tolkien was 31 years old when he proposed to 18 year old Mabel Suffield. She gladly accepted, but her father was not too happy. He thought Mabel was too young to be married, so the wedding was put off for a few years. In 1891, the two finally got married. Mabel’s father was not pleased, he didn’t think the Tolkien family was good enough for the respectable Suffield family, but he gave the couple his blessing. Arthur’s banking business in England was not doing well, so he decided to move to the city Bloemfontein, South Africa because it would be more profitable. Mabel wasn’t too thrilled about the move. In a letter to her family she called Bloemfontein a Owlin Wilderness! Horrid Waste! (Doughan). They would end up staying there for a while. Arthur Tolkien wrote the following to his mother on January 4th, 1892: My dear Mother, I have good news for you this week. Mabel gave me a beautiful little son last night (3 January). It was rather before time, but the baby is strong and well and Mabel has come through wonderfully. The baby is (of course) lovely. It has beautiful hands and ears (very long fingers), very light hair, Tolkien eyes and very distinctly a Suffield mouth. In general effect immensely like a very fair edition of its Aunt Mabel Mitton. When we first reached Dr Stollreither yesterday he said it was a false alarm and told the nurse to go home for a fortnight but he was mistaken and I fetched him again about eight and then he stayed till 12. 40 when we had a whiskey to drink luck to the boy. The boys first name will be John after its grandfather, probably John Ronald Reuel altogether. Mab wants to call it Ronald and I want to keep up John and Reuel†¦ â€Å"J. R. R. Tolkien :: Biography† So, J. R. R. Tolkien was born on January 3rd. Even though his first name was John, nearly everyone called him Ronald. South Africa could be a challenging place for a young boy to grow up. When Ronald was very young, he was bitten by a tarantula. Later on, giant spiders appeared in his writings (Tolkien, J. R. R. Fun Facts and Information). Mabel still hated living in South Africa. The Tolkien family planned a trip to go back to England, but Ronald’s brother, Hilary Arthur Reuel was born, so they stayed in South Africa for a while. Once they planned to go back to England again, Arthur got ill and said he would meet the rest of the family when he got better. Around Christmas time, the Tolkiens heard that Arthur had contracted rheumatic fever and he would have to stay in South Africa even longer. On February 14th, 1896, Arthur suffered a severe hemorrhage, and died the next day. Mabel decided to move with the two boys to a cheap cottage in Sarehole, and home school them until they were old enough to attend King Edward‘s school. Tolkien learned how to read when he was 4 years old, and soon he learned to write very well. He loved learning languages. Since he loved anything having to do with words, his mother gave him loads of books to read. His favorites were Red Indian books, Arthurian legends, George MacDonalds Curdie books, and the Red Fairy Book. When Tolkien was young, the little money being sent from Mabel’s father stopped because the family switched to Roman Catholicism. Tolkien was accepted at King Edward’s when he was eight years old. Everything was going fine until Mabel was diagnosed with diabetes in 1904. By the summer, she was able to leave the hospital. Father Francis helped the family so they could stay at a clerical country retreat house. In November, Mabel collapsed into a diabetic coma, and died on the 14th. Ronald and Hilary were now orphans. Father Francis chose who the boys should live with. He had to make sure he chose carefully because most of their family were Protestant. Father Francis chose their aunt Beatrice Suffield to be their caretaker. She had no religious affiliation. While living with their aunt, Tolkien began to study more languages. Since he knew Greek and Latin, it gave him the opportunity to study Anglo-Saxon. He read beowulf, which was one of his favorite stories. Tolkien really loved philology, the study of words. He began to make up his own languages with his cousins. The first language they made up was called â€Å"Nevbosh. † Tolkien wanted to make a language with â€Å"Greek-style† words. He borrowed a few of Father Francis’s Spanish books, and the next language he came up with was â€Å"Naffarin,† which was heavily influenced by Spanish. Tolkien decided to go even further, and create a whole new alphabet to create a new language called â€Å"private lang. † Father Francis thought that the boys were unhappy living with their aunt, so he sent them to live with another woman named Mrs. Faulkner. There was another border at the house that Father Francis was unaware of, a 19 year old girl named Edith Bratt. She was three years older than Tolkien, and they ended up falling in love. Once Father Francis heard about the two, he forbade Tolkien to see her. Tolkien wasn’t rebellious, and he also depended on Father Francis for financial support, so he agreed. During this time Tolkien was trying to get into Oxford University. He was distracted from working on his â€Å"private lang† and thinking about Edith, so he didn’t get in. In his diary, on January 1st, 1910, he wrote Depressed and as much in dark as ever. God help me. Feel weak and weary (qtd in Doughan). Shortly after, Tolkien and Edith decided to meet secretly. Father Francis heard about their meeting, and banned Tolkien from seeing her until he turned 21. Tolkien concentrated on his studies to get his mind off of Edith. In December he was ready to retake the Oxford scholarship exam. This time, he was accepted. During his first year of studies, Tolkien was very interested in Germanic literature and Comparative Philology. One of his professors thought he would be interested in the Welsh language, and recommended that he study it. On January 3rd, 1913, Tolkien finally turned 21. He was now free from the ban of seeing or talking to Edith. He wrote a letter to Edith on his birthday asking her to marry him. In her reply letter, Edith said she was already engaged to marry her friend’s brother. Tolkien met Edith at a train station and convinced her to break off the engagement and marry him instead. She said the only reason she was going to marry the other guy was because she knew no other eligible young men except Tolkien, whom she thought didn’t love her anymore. Tolkien told Father Francis about their engagement, and he gave the couple his blessing. Edith converted from the Church of England to Roman Catholicism for Tolkien. It was now 1914, and World War 1 was starting. Tolkien wasn’t too thrilled about going to war, but a few close friends were enlisted, and he heard it might be possible for them to be in the same regiment, or even the same battalion. So Tolkien enlisted, and attended army drills. In 1915, he passed his final exams. After getting his degree, he had to take up duties of being second lieutenant. He wasn’t with his friends as he hoped, and everyday was depressing. He ended up being appointed battalion signaling officer. Before the battalion went off to France, Edith and Tolkien got married on March 22nd, 1916. They went on their honeymoon, but Tolkien had to leave England very soon after to fight in France. Once Tolkien arrived in France, he realized his whole army kit was missing, and he had a lot of problems with borrowing and buying replacements. He spent writing poetry and listening to seagulls pass by. Tolkien always remained uninjured for the duration of his service. He received a letter from his good friend Christopher Wallace that their friend Gilson had died. Tolkien had caught trench fever, and was sent back to Edith in England. He received news from Christopher again, about the death of their friend Geoffrey Bache Smith. G. B. Smith’s last words to Tolkien were â€Å"May you say the things I have tried to say long after I am not there to say them† (J. R. R. Tolkien :: Biography). These words inspired Tolkien. He began to think about mythology and the languages he created. He never liked the fact that England had no true mythology, and he decided he would create one. He began to write â€Å"The Book of Lost Tales† which would end up being The Silmarillion. On November 16th, 1917, John Francis Reuel Tolkien was born. He was named after Father Francis, and of course Tolkien. The Tolkien family moved to Oxford after the war finished. Tolkien started working for the New English Dictionary. He found learning about words very interesting, but he thought the alphabet he came up with, The Alphabet of Rumil,† was thrilling. In 1924, Tolkien became Professor of English Language. He also took the position of the Anglo-Saxon chair at Oxford. Also that year, his 3rd son, Christopher Reuel Tolkien, was born in November. On May 11th, 1926, at a meeting of the English Faculty at Merton College, Tolkien met Clive Staples Lewis, most commonly known as C. S. Lewis. C. S. Lewis wrote his first impression of J. R. R. Tolkien in his diary. He wrote, A smooth, pale, fluent little chap. No harm in him: only needs a smack or so (Armstrong). Tolkien and C. S. Lewis would end up becoming lifelong friends. Three years later, Tolkien’s fourth and last child, Priscilla Mary Tolkien, was born. One day while grading exam papers, Tolkien noticed that One of the candidates had mercifully left one of the pages with no writing on it (which is the best thing that can possibly happen to an examiner). I wrote on it: In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit. Names always generate a story in my mind. Eventually I thought Id better find out what hobbits were like. But thats only the beginning (qtd in Doughan). This would be the start of The Hobbit. He worked on it for a while, but by 1936, he abandoned it. He couldn’t figure out how to end the story. The publishers Allen Unwin said they would publish the book if he could write a proper ending. The Hobbit was published on September 21, 1937. The book was a hit. C. S. Lewis complimented Tolkien by saying, All who love that kind of childrens book which can be read and re-read by adults should take note that a new star has appeared in this constellation (qtd in Armstrong). In December, Tolkien started to write another story about hobbits, continuing where The Hobbit left off. He referred to his epic as The Lord of the Rings. He stopped working on it for a while to serve as air raid warden duty on and off during World War 2. He started working on it again, but began to avoid C. S. Lewis. He would harshly criticize The Lord of the Rings at times, and Tolkien thought C. S. Lewis’s The Chronicles of Narnia were ridiculous (Gilsdorf). Tolkien was also a little frustrated that it was so easy for C. S. Lewis to write nearly a book a year, while he was still struggling to finish his book. Finally after 12 years, The Lord of the Rings was finished. He sent it to C. S. Lewis for his opinion, and he said, â€Å"There are many passages I could wish you had written otherwise or omitted altogether, but he also said the work, is almost unequalled in the whole range of narrative art known to me (qtd in J. R. R. Tolkien :: Biography). Tolkien needed to find a publisher for the book. He didn’t want to use Allen Unwin publishing again because they gave him a lot of problems when publishing The Silmarillion. He decided to go with Collins Publishing. Everything was going great, until Collins said the book was too long and it needed cutting. Tolkien now had no other choice but to use Allen Unwin. He decided to split the book into three parts. Once the books were published, they were a hit. The Lord of the Rings was a best-seller. Once it reached America, it got many student fans. Students at Yale University bought the books faster than The Lord of the Flies, and at Harvard, it overtook The Catcher in the Rye. Frodo Lives and Gandalf for President were popular slogans, and J. R. R. Tolkien is Hobbit-forming appeared as graffiti. Tolkien’s fandom was getting too hectic, so he and Mabel decided to move about 2 miles away from Oxford. After the move, officially retired. On November 22nd, 1963, C. S. Lewis died. Tolkien didn‘t write anything for his obituary, but he wrote to his daughter Priscilla, This feels like an axe-blow near the roots (qtd in J. R. R. Tolkien :: Biography). When Edith was 82, she got very sick. She was taken to a hospital, suffering from an inflamed gallbladder, and died on Monday, November 29th, 1971. Tolkien was heartbroken. He was very lonely after Edith’s death. Later on, Tolkien had an acute bleeding gastric ulcer, and was rushed to the hospital on August 31st, 1973. The next day a chest infection had developed. John Ronald Reuel Tolkien died, September 2nd, early Sunday morning, at age eighty-one. He left his legacy of amazing books. In The Lord of the Rings, the Dark Lord Sauron forged the One Ring in the fires of Mount Doom thousands of years ago. He used the One Ring to control the leaders of Middle Earth. During a battle, King Islidur cut off Sauron’s finger, separating him from the Ring. This destroyed the Dark Lord (his soul still remained) and Islidur kept the Ring as his own. Islidur ended up losing the Ring in a river until a creature called Gollum found it and kept it for hundreds of years. One day Bilbo Baggins, a hobbit from The Shire, found the Ring. After being in exile for 2,500 years, Sauron has returned to Mordor. He started to build an army, trying to find the One Ring. The story starts off with Bilbo Baggins having the Ring, and leaving it to Frodo, his second cousin once removed. Their wizard friend Gandalf is suspicious of the ring and finds out that it is the One Ring and that Sauron’s Ringwraiths are coming to the Shire to search for it. Gandalf convinced Frodo to leave The Shire immediately. Frodo’s gardener Samwise Gamgee, and a pair of cousins Merry and Pippin, leave with Frodo. Frodo must destroy the Ring, and the only way to do that is to take it to Mount Doom, where it was forged. Over the course of the books, the hobbits are constantly being hunted by Sauron’s followers. They are helped by elves, men, and a dwarf. At the end of the book, Frodo makes it to Mordor, and destroys the Ring in the fires of Mount Doom. Sauron and the Ringwraiths disappear and Aragon becomes king at last. In The Lord of the Rings trilogy, Tolkien suggests that the ends do not ustify the means. Tolkien wants us to learn that we must stay pure, and not lower our standards just because we are fighting for the greater good. In the trilogy, the One Ring is pure evil. It corrupts anyone who has it in their possession. In The Fellowship of the Ring, the elf Elrond said: We cannot use the Ruling Ring. That we now know too well. It belongs to Sauron and was made by him alone, and is altogether evil. Its strength, Boromir, is too great for anyone to wield at will, save only those who have already a great power of their own. But for them it holds an even deadlier peril. The very desire of it corrupts the heart. â€Å"Tolkien 241† It appears that the character Frodo is just like any other ordinary hobbit. His heart is what sets him apart from the other hobbits, and also from the other races of Middle-earth. Frodo’s heart is pure and incorruptible. Frodo was able to bear the Ring without giving in to its powers. The Ring seemed to tempt every other member in the Fellowship, no matter how good and pure they are. In The Fellowship of the Ring, Frodo tried to make Gandalf take the Ring from him. Frodo said that he was wise and powerful, so he should take it. ’No! ’ cried Gandalf, springing to his feet. ’With that power I should have power too great and terrible. And over me the Ring would gain a power still greater and more deadly’† (Tolkien 60). Gandalf is a very pure and good wizard, but even he knows he will give in to the evil of the Ring. Sam Gamgee is probably the most loyal character in the trilogy. Towards the end of The Return of the King, Frodo becomes very weak and exhausted. Sam is the only reason why Frodo made it all the way to the end. Even though Sam is such a loyal and pure character, he is still tempted by the Ring. In The Return of the King, when Frodo was captured by the orcs, Sam took the Ring from him because he thought Frodo was dead. He says: But you’re in the land of Mordor now, sir; and when you get out, you’ll see the Fiery Mountain and all. You’ll find the Ring very dangerous now, and very hard to bear. If it’s too hard a job, I could share it with you, maybe? â€Å"Tolkien 890† When he rescued Frodo, Sam hesitated to give the Ring back to him, which makes it clear that Sam is affected by the power of the Ring. In The Fellowship of the Ring, while Frodo was resting, he had a feeling unfriendly eyes were watching him. When he turned around it was Boromir, his face smiling and kind. Boromir begins to talk about how he wants the Ring and could use it for good for his people. He says, ‘True-hearted Men, they will not be corrupted. ’ When Frodo begins to disagree with his plan, he say: I am a true man, neither thief nor tracker. I need your Ring: that you know now; but I give you my work that I do not desire to keep it. Will you let me make trial of my plan? Lend me the Ring! â€Å"Tolkien 390† Frodo refuses to give up the Ring, angering Boromir. He says: ’How it angers me! Fool! Obstinate fool! Running willfully to death and ruining our cause. If any mortals have claim to the Ring, it is the men of Numenor, and not Halflings. It is not yours save by unhappy chance. It might have been mine. It should be mine. Give it to me! ’ â€Å"Tolkien 390† Boromir then leaped at Frodo trying to snatch the Ring. Once Frodo got further away from Boromir, Boromir realizes what he just said and did, and breaks down apologizing to Frodo. Being near the Ring corrupted Boromir greatly. He wanted to use the Ring to fight against Sauron. Using the Ring would have made Boromir evil and corrupt. In The Lord of the Rings, there is a major difference between the good and the bad characters. Sauron and the orcs are evil, while for example the members in the Fellowship are good. The characters are either good or bad, with no grey area in between. The only character who struggles between the two, is Gollum. Gollum was once a good hobbit named Smeagol. On a fishing trip with his friend, he came across the Ring. He wanted it so badly that he killed his friend. It was just like Gandalf had said, â€Å"’For nothing is evil in the beginning. Even Sauron was not soâ€Å" (Tolkien 261). He became so absorbed in the Ring, that over time, he became Gollum. Gollum and Smeagol often struggle with each other. â€Å"The character Gollum shows the good vs. evil struggle within himself. Gollum started out good, but felt the power of the ring and turned evil. Throughout the book you see him struggle between serving Frodo (good) and possessing the ring (evil)† (Fair). Smeagol loves Frodo and wants to help him, and Gollum loves the Ring so much that he is willing to kill again. Whenever Gollum had quiet time to himself, he debated with himself. We needs it. Must have the precious. They stole it from us. Sneaky little hobbitses, wicked, tricksy, false. No, not master . . . Master’s my friend. You don’t have any friends. Nobody likes you. Not listening. I’m not listening. You’re a liar. And a thief. Murderer. Go away. . . . I hate you. . . . Leave now and never come back â€Å"Tolkien 620† In this particular debate that happened in The Two Towers, Smeagol won, but most of the time Gollum wins, like in this debate: ’But there’s two of them. They’ll wake too quick and kill us,’ whined Smeagol in a last effort. ’Not now. Not yet. ’ ’We wants it! But’ -and here there was a long pause, as if a new thought had weakened. Not yet, eh? Perhaps not. She might help. She might help, yes. ’ No, no! Not that way! ’ wailed Smeagol. ’Yes! We wants it! We wants it! â€Å"Tolkien 619† The character Gollum shows how powerful the Ring can be. J. R. R. Tolkien was one of the most influent ial fantasy writers. In The Lord of the Rings trilogy he wanted to stress the importance of staying good and pure no matter what life throws at you. The One Ring represented all of the evil and temptation in the world. The character Frodo Baggins was the only one in all of Middle-earth who could bear the Ring without giving into its temptation of power. Frodo could have taken the easy way out, and used the Ring like any other character would have, but instead he stayed pure and incorruptible. Armstrong, Chris. J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis: A Legendary Friendship | Christian History. ChristianityToday. com | Magazines, News, Church Leadership Bible Study. 8 Aug. 2008. Web. 09 Jan. 2011. . Doughan, David. J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biographical Sketch. The Tolkien Society. Web. 7 Jan. 2011. . Fair, Kay. Analyzing The Lord of the Rings: Good Vs. Evil. Associated Content from Yahoo! Associatedcontent. com. Web. 09 Jan. 2011. . Gilsdorf, Ethan. J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis: A Literary Friendship and Rivalry Made in Oxford LiteraryTraveler. com. Literary Traveler, Literary Tours, Travel Writing, Travel Literature, Ereaders, EBooks, Travel, HemingwayLiteraryTraveler. com. Web. 09 Jan. 2011. . J. R. R. Tolkien :: Biography. Arwen-Undomiel. com :: Dedicated to J. R. R. Tolkiens Lord of the Rings ::. Web. 07 Jan. 2011. . Tolkien, John R. R. The Lord of the Rings [one Volume Edition with the Index and Appendices]. London: HarperCollins, 1995. Print. Tolkien, J. R. R. Fun Facts and Information. Fun Trivia Quizzes Worlds Largest Trivia and Quiz Site! Web. 09 Jan. 2011. .

How Did Europeans Profit from the Opium Trade in China Essay

How Did Europeans Profit from the Opium Trade in China - Essay Example Still, Europeans were not allowed to import opium directly into China. As a means of circumventing these trade restrictions and gaining profit, the British had to devise elaborate means of importing opium. In these regards, Europeans would be tea in Canton and use opium that would be smuggled in on British ships to pay for the opium (Fairbank). The high value tea had in Europe resulted in opium functioning as a useful means of gaining profit. In the early 19th century the Chinese ban of trading this commodity was lifted (Waley). Still, a number of years later further restrictions would be placed on this commodity exchange. During this period the then current Chinese dynasty had undergone a shift towards Confucianism, resulting in the restriction of European import of opium (Waley). These restrictions would result in threats to European profits on opium trade in China. As a means of continuing to profit on opium, the British would ultimately involve themselves in the First and Second Opium Wars with China. These wars would result in the opening of British trade of opium into China. 2. How did nationalism serve the needs of statesmen and bureaucrats rather than those of the general population, especially as more people were allowed to vote and hold public office? To a large degree, nationalism served the needs of statesmen and bureaucrats rather than the general population. Nationalism emerged during the early 19th century as statesmen in France sought means of uniting a populace in revolution (Leoussi). During the French Revolution nationalism these statesmen were able to implement nationalistic impulses as a means of inciting riots and elevating their political power (Hobsbawm). With the subsequent shifts in government these individuals assumed control under these nationalistic tendencies, ultimately using this political strategy as much for personal gain as public interest (Hobsbawm). The American Revolution was even clearer in its implementation of nationalis m as a means of advancing the interests of statesmen (Leoussi). In these regards, businessmen and bureaucrats with significant that faced significant economic or political gain in establishing independence from Great Britain implemented nationalism as a means of uniting the populace (Hobsbawm). This period of American history had seen a great amount of public debate over independence with loyalists and patriots debating the opposing positions (Leoussi). In this climate, individuals such as Thomas Paine through his ‘Common Sense’ pamphlets were able to incite the public through nationalistic tendencies as a means of gaining increased public attention or political power. With the increasing amount of nations that shifted to democratic structures allowing people to vote and hold public office the impacts of nationalism as advancing the needs of statesmen and bureaucrats became even more pronounced. This is because the democratic structure opened itself more thoroughly to s tatesman achieving political power through igniting nationalistic impulses in the voting populace. 3. What were the goals and principles of the Congress of Vienna? How did delegates from the great powers respond to the grievances of their people? There were a number of goals and principles of the Congress of Vienna. From an overarching perspective the Congress of Vienna functioned as a means of European states to address many of the complex issues that had

Development of My Interest in Business Economics Personal Statement - 2

Development of My Interest in Business Economics - Personal Statement Example Availability of land and water, and the region’s blue mountains and waters identify agricultural opportunities tourist attractions. The locality, however, has been isolated from the rest of the world and this informed and motivated me to improve it. My experience from my community and from cities such as Hong Kong and others around the world has also influenced personal and professional goals and determined my choice for business economics as a major. I lived in Wuyuan for the first ten years of my life and witnessed its economic development, which has been significant. The locality has gradually improved its interaction with the rest of the world. Economic activities have emerged and grown, an occurrence that has informed me on the power of economic reforms. Interaction with economic development in Hong Kong, however, challenged me because of its rapid pace and power. It shocked me and influenced my desire to initiate and influence economic development, first for myself and then in my community. My volunteer work experience also identifies my passion for my community. I have been volunteering in USC Pacific Asia Museum on the second Sunday of each month for the last few years. This has informed me on Asian history that I have also taught children. I am also a member of John Chinese Young Volunteers Association. At Pasadena City College, I am a member of business club, economics club, global club, Helping Hands Club and International Socialist Organization club in which I share my ideas on communal empowerment. As part of my community initiative, I will send some clothing, together with defective ones to needy children in rural China, especially orphans. My entrepreneurial experience and growth are my most important accomplishment. It began as a passion but success followed, and it has shaped my academic and professional goals.

Should cigarette smoking be banned Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Should cigarette smoking be banned - Essay Example More than 18% of US adults smoke cigarettes, translating to approximately 42 million people and the number could be higher if underage smokers are put into consideration (Ostermann 35). Cigarette smoking is legal in the US, notwithstanding the fact that it is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths. This paper is a critical evaluation on why cigarette smoking should be banned. Cigarette smoking should be banned because it is harmful for the smoker’s health as well as that of those close to them. Cigarettes contain approximately 4000 harmful chemicals, some of which are carcinogens, meaning they can lead to development of cancer in smokers. Statistics indicate that more than 400000 people, in US, lose their lives every year due to smoking related illnesses, including cancer (Chen 44). When one inhales smoke from a burning cigarette, it gets into the lungs where chemicals are absorbed and distributed to other parts of the human body. The chemicals damage the DNA structures in different organs leading to abnormal cell growth and multiplication, which over time develop into cancer. Lung cancer is the leading consequence of cigarette smoking, followed by others such as; mouth cancer, kidney cancer and larynx cancer among others. Research shows that deaths arising from smoking related complications are far much higher than those resulting from abuse of a lcohol, road accidents and illegal substances, such as cocaine and heroin, as well as HIV/AIDS (Ostermann 68). Apart from cancer, studies show that regular smoking results to the depositing of chemicals in the blood vessels, which lead to blockage and interference in the blood flow. This means that the supply of oxygen to the brain, lower limbs as well as other important organs is inhibited. Consequently, the person suffers conditions such as dementia, impotence, high blood pressure, deterioration of the heart among others, which reduce the quality of life for the person involved. If a person

Comparing Mores Utopia and Our Modern Dystopia :: comparison compare contrast essays

Thomas More was born in London in 1478. He studied at Oxford where he took a profound love of classical literature. In Utopia, More shows his own skills in humanism. In this story, modeled after Plato's Republic, More examines his culture against a hypothetical culture he invents. His Utopia varies greatly from both his society and our society today. Four ways Utopia differs from our society are social system, attitude towards jewelry, marriage customs, and religion. First, the people of More's Utopia have a complex communism compared to our modern neo-fascist culture. In Utopia, the government owns the business world. The government forces men to work the land in two-year stints. In modern society, the government does not own the economy but it does control the economy. The government does not make men be farmers but it does tell farmers how much to grow. Furthermore, it penalizes those who disobey its command. Second, Utopians treat precious metals and jewels radically different than modern society. Today people adorn all sorts of jewelry to beautify themselves or attract attention to them. These precious metals are golden calves to many people. People today are like the Anemolian ambassadors, they strut their fine jewels because they are "more proud than wise, they decide, they decide to dress as splendidly as the very gods." Third, the Utopian attitude towards money differs from modern society. The Utopians highly prize virginity. The government forbids marriage for life those who commit premarital intercourse. Yet the percentage of people marrying without premarital intercourse in our society is minute. In most cases, the couple has a long-standing sexual relationship. Fourth, the religion of the Utopians is much like modern religion with one major exception. The religious beliefs of both societies are pluralistic. Utopia allows all religion except our most dominant religion: secular humanism (i.e. "atheism"). A man, who believes blind chance not divine providence, determines actions, is less than a man. In our culture of neo-Darwinism and "man is pure matter," everything is by chance.

Pervasive Developmental Disorders in Preschool Children Essay

Pervasive Developmental Disorders is the umbrella term for   neuro-developmental disorder exhibited in children which is characterized by language deficits, impaired social skills and abnormal behavior. PDDs include PDD-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS), Asperger Syndrome, Autism-, Chidhood Disintegrative-, and Rett Disorder. Increase patterns of autism disorders for the past 15 yrs at England may indicate changes in PDD and the study attempted PPD estimation in a defined geographic region.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Population under case study were obtained from child center developments Stafford, Cannock, and Wightwick in the Midlands, England from July 1998 to June 1999 with a target population of 15, 500 children born on and between January 1, 1992, to December 31, 1995, that were identified as residents for the specified area on June 6, 1998. Case identification for the disease proceeded by four consecutive stages. Stage 1 was primarily concerned with screening by health practitioners and/or pediatricians at 0 wk, 6 wk, 6-9 mo, 18-24 mo, and 3.25-3.50 yr and then their subsequent referrals for the possible children displaying the symptoms for the disease. five hundred seventy-six underwent this stage. The referred children undergo secondary screening, â€Å"Stage 2†, under the trained eye of a child development physician or a child development teamand when they have failed the test, they will undergo subsequent 2 wk assessment conducted by a multidisciplinary team —speech and language therapist, pediatric physical therapist, occupational therapist, dental nurse, nutritionist, and a nurse specialist in PDDs and associated intervention— using 2-hr activity and play to make PDD diagnosis. For stage 3, one hundred three children were diagnosed with PDD and 95 % of them underwent Stage 4. Parents naturally accompany their children during the activities. Strong suspects for the disease were further assessed (stage 4), with Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised algorithm by developmental physicians and those positive for the disease undergo further psychometric assessment— Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence and the Merrill-Palmer—conducted by a senior educational psychologist. Final diagnosis were carried out using DSM-IV diagnostic criteria to classify the PDD type of disorder. To test reliability of the study, blinding of 3 trained raters for the 38 AD-R tapes were carried out and then assessed for intraclass correlation coefficiency ( Ï social interaction=0.82; Ï verbal c. = 0.85, Ï non-verbal=0.87; Ï repetitive behavior =0.59, ÃŽ £=0.86) and personal assements. Results matched perfectly for the original diagnosis. PDD patients were undergo full laboratory chemistry tests as well as gene map, X test, electroencephalogram, and possibly CT and/or MRI scans (for neurologic damage suspects). Comparison analyses were assessed at ÃŽ ¡0.05 using Kruskal-Wallis and one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Scheffà © pairwise comparisons.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Analysis for the 97 PDD referrals health visitors as having the highest number of referrals (81%) with the children averaging 35.7 mo at the referral time and 41 mo at the time of clinical diagnosis. Pairwise comparison indicates the order of mean age at the time of the referral for the different groups: Asperger Syndrome (47.5 mo )> PDD-NOS (37.2 mo)> AD (30 mo). ANOVA indicates significances at 11.3 mo and Post-Hoc Schaeffer test indicates similarity of order of mean age to that of non-parametric pairwise comparison.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There were no found differences for syndrome proportionality in the 77 males of the sample population. Thirty percent of the sample population was found to exhibit language impairment characterized by repetitive three-word phrases which was directly correlated to AD subtype. Psychrometric test reveals almost 26 % mental retardation. Two childen with CDD and Rett scored under moderate mental retardation. Chi-square test, P

Impacts On Environmental Sustainability Tactics Essay

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