You Can Have It

Philip Levine writes as though he is from a hard working middle class family geared toward the more highly educated class. Levine directs his poetry towards the higher class, through personal relationships and by showing pride and respectability in manual labor. Levine wants the more educated to know that even though the lower class may not have the most respectable jobs, they still take pride in their work because it supports their family. By using personal relationships, Levine emphasizes the how much pride the working class takes in their jobs. Levine writes as though he is from a hard working middle class family, who works day after day just to make it through life and support the family. Although he is writing from this prospective, his work is actually geared more toward a more highly educated group. Levine wants the higher class to know just how lucky they are. Most people of high stature have never really had a hard manual-laboring job. Its true that most people of this class do not know what hard work is or how it feels to have to struggle to find a job and care for themselves and a family. In the poem, What Work Is, Levine writes, â€Å"if you're/ old enough to read this you know what/ work is, although you may not do it. / Forget you. † In these lines, Levine is saying that the more educated group may know the definition of the word work but the have never really experienced it. This is even further shown in the last line when the man says, â€Å"you don't know what work is. † The man in the poem You Can Have It, is relating to us college students and remembering for himself what it was like to be twenty. We were twenty/ for such a short time and always in/ the wrong clothes, crusted with dirt/ and sweat. I think now we were never twenty. † Twenty year-olds are living the life that this man never had but wishes that he could have had it. He wants the higher class to realize what other people go through and just how easy life really is. In the last line, he says â€Å"You can have it. † Here he wishes to give back everything from the past thirty years just to be twenty one more time, not work and just have his youth back. In all of Levine's poems, the narrator is proud of his work no matter what job he has. In Starlight, a four year-old boy is watching his father relax on the porch and smoke a cigarette after a long rigorous day of work. The father after seeing the child and the beautiful things that he works for, he can proudly answer that he is happy with a head nod, â€Å"Yes! oh yes! oh yes! † He is proud to work hard to support his family. Every child looks up to its parents. In the beginning of this poem the son seems to be timid about bothering his father while he is relaxing but by the end, the son feels right at his fathers level â€Å"among the stars. He is proud to have his father and know that he is an honest hard working man and looks up to him as if he were a the brightest of all stars. The poem You Can Have It also describes the pride that another man takes in his job even if it is only in a factory. In the third stanza of the poem Levine talks about a man and his brother saying that â€Å"they are only one man/ sharing a heart that always labors, hands/ yellowed and cracked. † Their heart is in their work, even if it is not the most respectable job. Although they talk about the hands being yellowed and cracked, I think it is in a good way. They are proud to have these marks of their hard work to support themselves. This is what they have to do to make it through life and they are proud to do it. In many of his poems, Levine uses many personal relationships to highlight the themes in each poem. In Levine's poem, What Work Is, the man is waiting in line trying to get a job. He is very upset refusing to give in but â€Å"waiting, / to the knowledge that somewhere ahead/ a man is waiting who will say, â€Å"No, / we're not hiring today. He has been in this place before and although he is annoyed at the fact that he cannot get a job, he is also proud to be standing there waiting to get a job. He would be proud to have a job working in a factory or anywhere. Whereas this man would be proud to have a job in a factory, his brother is working at the Cadillac factory but is trying to gain a higher status and have what he would consider a respectable job. The brother is not proud to be working in a factory and is therefore studying German to be an opera singer, in which he would be highly regarded. Levine brings out the father and son relationship in Starlight to show a sense of not only pride in his work but also happiness and an escape from the daily struggles that the father faces. After a long day of hard work, the father finds an escape in returning to his family and being away from his job. Just holding his son up there with him for that one minute gives him a sense of happiness and helps him to forget all the troubles of that day. Seeing his son happy and admiring him so much makes the father feel a sense of worth and pride in his job. Philip Levine writes as though he is from a hard working middle class family who works very hard just to make it through life and support the family. He wants the higher class to know how lucky they are and what struggles the less educated go through. In all of the poems, the narrator is proud of his work no matter what job he has, even if it is only in a factory. By using personal relationships throughout his poems, Levine highlights the fact that all the people take pride in their work.

Worker Reduction

FastServe has a tough decision to make. The five employees on the list have their own sets of good and bad points. Termination of an employment needs to be handled with care to avoid facing three labor suits. Being a direct marketing organization, what the company needs are people who have the skills that are useful in its kind of business. Since the company is closing down its online marketing and distribution channels, it does not need people whose skills are limited on those areas. It needs to retain people who can make positive contributions to its main business. The first consideration that FastServe must take note of is how that employee will contribute to the direct marketing business. In line with this, FastServe takes productivity into serious consideration. Next, the company must also take into account other things like compliance with the company's policy on attendance, work performance, productivity, and work redundancy. Another important thing to consider is the employees' work status, whether they are full-time, contractual, or under a labor bargaining agreement. This is a very important consideration to avoid abuse of the Employment At Will doctrine. Finally, the company must take into account the different anti-discrimination in the workplace laws . Each person on the list could file for discrimination when terminated because each one of them falls under the protected minority. Before FastServe will have to choose the final three people for termination, the company must talk to each one of them and give them time to defend themselves or improve on weak areas. Even if the layoff is not on a large scale basis and would not violate the WARN Act, or the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act, it still would be humane and preventing legal actions if the company would do this act. Carl Haimes – Retain Of all the employees on the list, Carl Haimes has the best record. His overall track record performance is above average, the highest and only one in the group. In terms of productivity, he also scored above the median, which is what the company would like to see among its employees. In terms of education, Haimes has a degree in Information Systems, a skill that is useful in marketing. He is also a qualified systems analyst, an important asset to a marketing company that needs to have marketing systems in place. Haimes' computer maintenance skills and LAN installation skills for three platforms will come handy for the maintenance of the company's databases and electronic marketing portfolio. Haimes will also be useful when the company will be automating its systems. Strictly from skills and qualifications, Haimes is a clear candidate for retention. To improve Haimes' chances for retention, no one has made any complaint on his behavior or work ethics. Moreover, the company has no problem with his attendance, the only one in the group. Haimes' contract need not be an issue since the company would be retaining him. Haimes is gay and his sexual orientation could become a problem in conservative and traditional companies. Fortunately, FastServe, being a marketer, could not afford to be intolerant to diversity in the workplace. Diversity is what it needs to survive in a highly competitive environment. Retaining Haimes would benefit the company because of his skills, qualifications and adherence to company policies. Lastly, Haimes can't be terminated because there is nothing that the company would find undesirable in his performance. Besides, Haimes could file for sexual discrimination if he gets terminated knowing that among the five, he is the most qualified and the best performer. Brian Carter – Terminate In Brian Carter's case, the company must be very careful that it won't be sued with violation against the Disability Act of 1995 since this employee has a carpal tunnel syndrome. Should Brian passed the medical tests, then, FastServe cannot terminate him because of this problem. Brian cannot continue with his employment with FastServe for various reasons even if he does not suffer from a wrist problem. First, Brian's skills are highly specialized and limited to programming, which is very useful in the online distribution channels but not on direct marketing. Brian, being a techie guy, is unlikely to fit in a direct marketing kind of work even if he had a chance to train for marketing-related functions. He is a computer kind of guy and would feel more comfortable facing a workstation instead of facing people. Besides, Brian won't find it difficult to find new employment since his skills are highly sought after in todays environment. The company can terminate him at will because his expertise is not needed anymore. Second, Brian has a staggering 17 days absences in a two-month period, the highest among the five of them, and a fact that made his supervisor dislike him. He could have improved on his performance and productivity if Brian weren't absent for that many days. Terminating Brian would benefit the company because he will become an underperforming asset should his employment with the company continue. Sarah Boyd – Retain Sarah Boyd is the second employee that FastServe should retain. She's with the company for 15 years and her status is full time. But her retention are not simply based on those two factors. Of the three remaining persons on the list, Sarah has the lowest number of days absent in a two-month period. Her overall track performance is average while her productivity is median. Sarah is capable of managing and administering an office, skills that are useful in a marketing company. Also, she's the only person who knows office procedure better than anyone else. Her prioritizing and sorting skills could become redundant when the company will automate its processes. However, it would take time for the automation to be implemented. While waiting for that time, Sarah could continue doing her job and she could be taught other skills. Besides, Sarah is 53 years old and protected under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967. So long as Sarah is able and capable of doing her tasks, the company can't make her retire against her will. However, should the company find the need to replace Sarah when she reaches 55 years old, FastServe could offer her an early retirement package that is attractive, fair and equitable. Nora Manson – Terminate Nora Manson's overall performance is above average but her productivity is below median. The company is currently focused on high productivity from their employees and Nora falls short of that goal. There is also the question of Nora's absenteeism that has already accumulated into two months. This is very high and would raise questions on her job loyalty. Another point against Nora is on her loyalty to FastServe. She has been directing employees to file discrimination complaints against the company she works for. Nora's participation in discrimination charges against FastServe is protected by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. These acts may be in accordance to her personal values and are protected by law but these do not show loyalty to FastServe. Being an advocate of fair treatment need not mean going to the labor court right away. Nora could have acted as intermediary to prevent labor suits. On the positive side, Nora has rescued two big accounts and is skilled in handling irate and upset callers. She's also skilled in other aspects of making sales. Despite her positive contributions, Nora is too radical to become an asset to the company. While the company cannot take it against her to be watchful of discrimination, her work shouldn't have been affected by all of her non-work related activities. Her activities with her affiliation could have been the reason why Nora's productivity is low. FastServe should end Nora's employment so long as her contract allows the company to do that. If the employment is for a definite period of time, then the company can use her performance, productivity and absenteeism problems as the ground for her termination. However, the company should be prepared to handle discrimination complaints that Nora may file against it considering that she is an African-American and is an active member of NAACP. Jenny Mills – Terminate Jenny Mills should also be terminated. Although the law prohibits termination of women because of pregnancy, the company won't be ending Jenny's employment because of that. She is on contract and her attendance is very bad. She is also taking extra breaks that are not supposedly allowed and this make male employees complain. Jenny cannot use as an excuse her pregnancy for the 14 days of absence in a period of one month. Pregnancies are mostly difficult in the first two months and once a woman is already beyond that, her condition would be better. Jenny is already five months pregnant and there are no indications that it is a difficult pregnancy. Although she holds a degree in public relations, she has no special achievements. Her skills are also limited to answering queries from customers and troubleshooting common instruments problems. These skills can easily be taught to other persons. The company can even delegate these tasks to Sarah Boyd so that when it is time to automate, Sarah would be useful in other areas.

Constructivism and Instructivism in Teaching and Learning Essay

Constructivism and Instructivism in Teaching and Learning - Essay Example This essay describes and analyzes the effects of the â€Å"No Child Left Behind Act of 2001† that was established in the United States and meant â€Å"to ensure that all children have a fair, equal, and significant opportunity to obtain a high-quality education and reach, at a minimum, proficiency on challenging State academic achievement standards and state academic assessment†. As the No Child Left Behind Act’s main aim was to improve the quality of education in the United States, educators and teachers have been forced to ask uncomfortable but important questions as to how such improvement can be attained in their professional field. The researcer mentiones that countless debates have since taken place in the academic world to pinpoint where the problems lie in the hope of identifying the right and the best solutions. These debates have been heated and not without controversy, which is what makes them interesting. Of the wide range of debated topics, this essa y focuses on one of the most basic battle lines – Constructivism versus Instructivism. The researcher then compares these two basic theories of how people learn and analyzes which of these two really works and is more effective. To conclude, the researcher gives his own recommendations on the topic and sums up that every teacher must learn how to account for one of the greatest missions anyone can receive, that of shaping other human minds and launching them on their way to learning, discovery, and survival in a complex world.

The Impact of Globalization on the Human Resource Management of Dissertation

The Impact of Globalization on the Human Resource Management of Transnational Corporations (TNCs) - Dissertation Example This is carried out with a view of ensuring that these corporations are able to counter the challenges they experience in achieving their set objectives and remain competitive in their trade activities. This research proposal intends to utilize the following academic publications on assessing the impacts of globalization on the human resource management of transnational corporations. Key Academic Publications 1. Kayode, O 2012 ‘Impact of globalization on human resource management,’ Science Journal of Business Management, vol. 2012, no. 3, pp. 1–4. The science journal by Kayode on the impact of globalization examines the impact of the work force on the human resource department of an organization with offices that are local or based in other countries. It discusses different issues that drive the aspect of globalization within the workforce along with the challenges that confront these departments on the global scene. The author, Kayode, begins by giving an introdu ction to the current trends of globalization and also provides the definition and the roles of the department. He suggests that it is in charge of managing the human resources in a transnational corporation. ... It will also help my research by highlighting the benefits, challenges and other issues that are affecting these departments. 2. Hunter, LW & Katz, HC 2012, ‘The impact of globalization on human resource management and employment relations in the US automobile and banking industries,’ The International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 1983-1998. The authors, Hunter and Katz, discuss the effects of globalization on employment relations and its differential impact throughout the different types of capitalism. They suggest that globalization affects different industries in specific ways. In addition, the journal discusses issues like job security, work organization, remuneration systems, and enterprise governance within transnational corporations in the US. It specifically addresses the issues which affect the transnational organizations that are headquartered in the US. The article additionally makes a comparison of the changes that occur in these two industries and their nature of correspondence to the American liberal economy (Hunter and Katz, 2012). The article will help my research by providing more insights into how employment relations in transnational corporations have been affected by the issue of globalization. 3. Friedman, BA 2007, ‘Globalization implications for human resource management role,’ Employee Responsibilities & Rights Journal, vol.1, no. 19, pp. 151–171. The article discusses the influences that globalization has on transnational corporations competing for customers who have very high expectations as regards the cost, quality and performance of the products they buy. It highlights the pressures that the globalization process has imposed on their human resource

Event Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Event Proposal - Essay Example ns inherent in the days of the yore, either because they do not get the time or chance to engage in historical research or studies or because they find the entire process to be boring and drab. However, if an era is presented to an audience in a movie format, accompanied by a commensurate opportunity for fun and pleasure, it could safely be assumed that a majority of the people will prefer to vouch for such an event. Herein, lays the conception of an event by the name 1920s NIGHT. The idea is to organize a 1920s movie night followed by any after show party. The movie to be presented will be The Gatsby that is not only typically representative of the 1920s society, but the themes inherent in it also have a contemporary appeal. A survey was conducted to gauge the people interest in such an event. Forty Five of the 60 participants voted in favour of such an event and the same number agreed to participate in both the sections that is the movie and the after movie party. Thirty three of t he participants agreed to participate in both the sections, besides, twenty eight participants agreed to pay for the movie and the party, 7 agreed to pay only for the movie and 28 agreed to pay only for the party. Also, surprisingly, 50 of the 60 participants agreed to dress up in consonance with the theme of the proposed event that is 1920s. To begin with, the location of the event has been selected while taking into consideration the convenience of the target audience (Watt 2003, p. 190). The primary objective is to enhance participation and to dilute the dropout rate (Watt 2003, p. 190). All the participants will be contacted in a personalized way and the marketing and communications activities will be designed while focusing on a pragmatic segmentation of the target audience (Varey 2002). The pricing of the event has also been so designed to offer the apt pre registration incentives, thereby encouraging the participants for both the movie and the after movie party. A continual

Cybersecurity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cybersecurity - Essay Example According to the National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies, NICCS (2013), this initiative also covers the private sector, students from primary to university level and the workforce in general. NICE framework gives a standardized working taxonomy that fits into the occupational structure of an organization. The framework gives seven categories of jobs sharing common functions (Jackson, 2011). ‘Securely’ provides for conceptualization, designing and building secure IT systems. The administration, maintenance and support for performance and security would be covered under ‘operate and maintain.’ ‘Protect and defend’ ensures that threats get identified, analyzed and mitigated. The framework also provides for the ‘investigation’ of breaches, crimes and incidents. Under ‘operate and collect,’ intelligence would be developed from cybersecurity information. The ‘analyze’ arm of the framework encompasses reviewing and evaluating incoming information so as to evaluate how useful it would be for intelligence. Finally, the framework offers ‘support’ to other parties undertaking cybersecurity tas ks. Therefore, this framework provides a standard approach that baselines capabilities, identifies the gaps in skills, develops cybersecurity talent in organizations and prepares for future talent. The NICE initiative is an important component of organizations based on the key findings on cybercrime survey in the US by Price Waterhouse Coopers, PWC (2013). The survey indicates that organizational leaders do not know those responsible for the cybersecurity of their organizations. In case of an attack, such organizations would find it difficult to identify those responsible. The NICE initiative serves the important role of ensuring organizations have cybersecurity workers and defining cybersecurity professional requirements. Secondly, many leaders still underestimate the capabilities of their cyber-adversaries and the associated possible reputational, financial and regulatory risks. NICE raises awareness on the risks involved in online activities, hence informing such leaders appropri ately. Finally, through expanding social collaborations, use of mobile devices and adoption of cloud computing, leaders unknowingly increase their vulnerabilities to digital attacks. Through broadening of the pool of support workers in cybersecurity and developing and maintaining an internationally competitive cybersecurity workforce, the NICE initiative ensures that organizations adopt emerging technologies without compromising the security of their information. Led by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, the NICE initiative anticipates raising a cybersecure public and an internationally acclaimed cybersecurity workforce (Bullock, Haddow, & Coppola, 2013). Thus, it aims at making resources for educating and training on the improvement of cyber skills, knowledge and behavior available to all the population segments so as to make the American public aware of the risks associated with online activities. It seeks to bring forth a secure digital nation that would ad vance the economic prosperity of America and its national security

Law in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law in Business - Essay Example ding health and safety in the workplace, in order to determine whether a claim should be brought for breach of the legislation instead of a simple claim in negligence. After examining all of the above it should be possible to reach a conclusion with regard to the potential claims of each party, and to advise them on the prospect of bringing a successful action against the employer. In bringing a claim for negligence the plaintiff has to demonstrate that the respondent owed them a duty of care1 and that as a direct result of a breach of that duty they have suffered financial loss or injury. One of the key factors used by the courts in assessing liability is the foreseeability of the event. The court will analyse the circumstances of the incident and then determine from there, whether the respondent ought to have foreseen the outcome, or should have anticipated that such an event might occur. Duty of care was first addressed in Donoghue v Stevenson2. As a result of this case the neighbour test came into existence. This case was important because it established the right of the applicant to bring an action against a manufacturer rather than against the retailer. In recent times the courts have altered the principle into the proximity test. This test was used by the courts in Heaven v Pender3. The plaintiff in this case was able to persuade the court to hold the employer liable for not providing a safe working environment for the plaintiff. The court held that the staging and ropes were not it to be used, and that as a result of that the plaintiff was involved in a serious accident. In summing up Brett MR made the observation that whenever one person is by circumstances placed in such a position with regard to another, that every one of ordinary  sense who did think would at once recognise that if he did not use ordinary care and skill in his own conduct with regard to those circumstances he would cause danger of injury to the person or property of the other, a duty

Setting Up Business and Financial Reporting Essay

Setting Up Business and Financial Reporting - Essay Example Income tax differs as per different forms of business structure like the sole proprietorship, partnership, and company. "Pass-through" tax entities like sole proprietorships, partnerships and limited liability companies are charged taxes as per the net profits they generated (Business.gov.au, 2015b). Australian industrial or business environment system requires sound understanding and selecting feasible business structures to gain success. Owners have to explore the guideline promoted by Australian Taxation Office. It will help in learning income tax rules for different type of business in Australia. Unincorporated business owners are responsible to pay income taxes on the basis of net profits earned by the business during any fiscal period. Reserves and provisions are not considered as a part of profits while calculating income tax. It creates issues for the partnership or sole proprietorship businesses (Business.gov.au, 2015c). On the other hand, partnership business is quite compl ex as partners many a time avoid reporting their shares on corporate profits, which reduces personal tax returns. Partners report salaries, bonuses and dividends incomes as their taxable income. Therefore, it can be said that owners of partnership firms enjoy the tax advantage. In this scenario, all the four partners Mary, Martha, John, and James are responsible to pay tax individually and on-behalf of their new day spa business. Australian Taxation Office can face the potential avoidance of reporting share from the business.

Purchasing behaviour of young people at the university as far as Essay

Purchasing behaviour of young people at the university as far as purchase of smart phones is concerned - Essay Example Appendices 16 Research question: 16 Background 16 Methodology and sample 16 Sample questionnaire 17 Executive summary The study is aimed at researching the purchasing behaviour of young people at the university as far as purchase of smart phones is concerned. Over the past few decades, there has been widespread innovation and innovation in the ICT field. This has seen the introduction of smart phones that are almost similar and in some cases even arguable better than computers. To establish on how this environment has influenced the students in universities, the research was done by using of structured questionnaires as well as random interviews on campus. The questionnaires were prepared and circulated to a group of fifty students that were randomly selected in order to make the findings as objective as possible. The collected data was then manipulated using SPSS software. The research was mainly based on the characteristics of brand name, the price, the smart phone features, cost a nd last but not least, the gender of the buyers. As the research established, most students bought the smart phones due to the functionalities like Wi-Fi for purposes of convenience. However, peer pressure was also seen as one of the main contributing factors in the purchase decisions of the students. 1. Introduction 1.1 Terms of reference The participants of the research were university students. What inspires students to acquire smart phones may not be the same as what inspires other people in the society to acquire smart phones. For instance, students like following trends and most will buy a smart phone if all their friends buy them. In addition to this, students will often consult with their colleagues when trying to do some research before they buy a phone. The research carried out sought to establish a number of questions:- What informs the purchase decisions for smart phones by students? What do students seek out in the phones they purchase? Where do students get the relevan t information that informs their purchase decisions for smart phones? 1.2. Background Needless to say, the smart phone does more than just help the owner to keep in touch with friends and families. This device also helps one in carrying out various computing processes. In fact, there has been a widespread debate on the possibility of the Smartphone totally replacing the computer. The spread of the Smartphone use has especially been fuelled by the entrance of more affordable models by the different manufacturers. The smart phone revolution came hand in hand with the revolution in gaming consoles, PDAs, Cameras, GPS as well as other important revolutionary concepts in ICT. The introduction of open source applications on the android platform has made the maintenance of the Smartphone more affordable on the lean budget of a student. For instance, instead of having to pay monthly subscriptions for applications, there are many developers on the open source platform that use the General Pu blic User licence on their apps. In addition to this, companies like Huawei among many others have also developed inexpensive Smart phones that have almost the same functionalities like their more expensive counterparts. Some experts believe this is one for the main contributing factors towards the increase in the use of smart phones by university students. 2. Literature survey In order to understand the ownership of smart phones among university students, there is need to review the industry with respect to the different brands

External and Internal Environments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

External and Internal Environments - Essay Example Segments of General Environment Affecting the Company: Environmental internal and the external factors both affect the function ability of the any company. Internal factors are the controllable factor prevailing within the firm. Whereas external factor accounts for those factors which are beyond the control of any firm. One of the external factors affected the pricing strategy of a single product of Microsoft. The factor was one of the macro environmental factors of the external environment affecting the entire information technology industry. One of the factors was the political and legal forces. This did not directly affect the marketing ability of the company but indirectly clouted the marketing decisions of the company. For Microsoft political and legal external environmental forces lead profound influence on the decision making and strategy department of the company. Changes in the political and legal field hugely affected the marketing decision of the company. These forces are the macro economics forces which affects the overall industries. XBOX 360 is one of the products of Microsoft which comes under the Interactive Entertainment Business division of Microsoft. The issue which came to the picture depicted that the use of lead free solder was the source for lack of strength in the XBOX 360. So prohibitions were brought by government for the usage of lead and mercury cadmium. Following this issue the European Union announced the banning of lead and mercury Cadmium on every product used by any companies in the IT industry. It assures that the external environmental issues affected not only Microsoft but also the entire IT industry (Cornwell, n.d., pp. 1-4). Social and cultural forces of the external environment also affect the marketing concepts of the company. It assures that the firm should take a go ahead in eliminating the detrimental product. As an effect of the same Microsoft stated working to pertain technology to noteworthy environmental issues and collaborated with European Environmental Agency (Microsoft, Corporate Citizenship, 2013). Porter’s Five Forces: Michael Porte’s five forces of competition give a brief of a simple model helpful in assessing and scrutinizing the competitive strength and situation of a certain firm in respect to its competitors. Porter’s five forces lead to a competition of the rivals of the industry. Two of the forces are existing competitive â€Å"entry of competitors† and the second is â€Å"threats of substitute products†. Threats of substitute products are the potential threats from the competitors within the industry regarding the products. Microsoft faced threats from the competitors in the field of personal computer software market. Its close competitors were MAC OS, Sun Solaris, Linux, various structured browser, lotus notes etc. This lead to a high degree of competition amongst the IT companies within the industries regarding their close substitutes. But i n this aspect the government had a different view. As per the government Microsoft did not face any such threats from the competitors regarding he close substitutes. Rather it enjoyed a monopoly in the middle level market due to its pricing strategy. They also added another reason that the software markets are

The three major roles of the United States Congress Essay Example for Free

The three major roles of the United States Congress Essay The congress is the legislation department of the United States Government.   It it is bicameral and is comprised of two chambers, the senate and the house of representatives (English, 2003). The first Article of the constitution sculpts the vital roles of Congress.   The primary role of the United States Congress as the legislative branch of the government is the responsiblity for the process of legislating laws, which is subject for revision and approval.   The congress has jurisdiction over monetary concerns, such as a detailed report on the funds and expenditures of the entire government as well as to impose and collect revenues (Davidson, 2006,).    The financial matters also cover the budget for national defense and the welfare of the populace (English, 2003). The congress plays a vital role in National Defense as well, in this regard, the United States Congress has the authority to manage the military, to set rules for the armed forces to abide by and exclusive power to declare war, contrary to popular notion that the presidents or the head of state is the power (Hamilton, 2004).   A minor yet important and delicate role of the congress is to check the executive branch of the government called congressional oversight, this is the monitoring, supervision and acquiring control of federal agencies by congressional commitees from both chambers if an agency is deemed incapable of functioning properly.   This power has been exercised since the early days of the congress (Baker, 2000). The power of the United States Congress is vast, from financial issues to laws governing the military.   The congress primary role may only revolve around the legislation process, however, its non-legislative roles   gives it power to put its hands on issues several issues which only prove that it is more than a law-making body. References Baker, R.K. (2000). House and Senate, 3rd Etition.   New York:   W.W. Norton. English, R.M. (2003). The United States Congress.   Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Strategies to Gain New Customers via Internet Banking

Strategies to Gain New Customers via Internet Banking 1. Introduction It includes the following topics: a. A clear statement of the purpose of the thesis b. Reasons for the study c. Statement of problems d. Purpose of the study a. The purpose of the thesis: If students have to write their M.B.A theses, which make a large number of significant errors, this is the main reason why their projects return for audit. Disappointed and falls, they need to proofread and to work for their dissertations. It has taken so much time for them to write their dissertations, and now they should start from the exact beginning. I shall show you how to avoid failure in the basic thesis and is, as you know about this failure. The most important thing about the dissertation writing is that you should understand clearly the purpose of the letter. The main purpose of writing of a dissertation is to provide a student with an opportunity to discover something new in the field of investigation. If the student can lead a deep, wise and profound Research, and can draw a clear conclusion about his / her research with any discoveries that present in the final dissertation, he reached the end. One more important thing is to writing a thesis that you should know about th e latest discoveries in the field of investigation. That purpose, writing a dissertation, can be achieved through lectures and analysis of relevant sources thesis. A student should be aware of the position of the writer and should appreciate the critical position. There is no doubt that you will succeed in your dissertation, if you know the main purpose of writing a dissertation, which will be presented by me. Apply for M.B.A dissertation to get a piece of good advice. M.B.A dissertation is always willing to help you. For many courses forms part of a dissertation is to complete study for a degree. For some courses it is linked with work experience. It provides you with an opportunity to take a piece of individual research work and to really examine an aspect of the theme that you are studying closely. b. Reasons for the investigation: There are opportunities for the effective use of the Internet with regard to the banking industry. It is shown that may cause the appropriate application of todays cutting-edge technology at a significant competitive advantage for banks. This is illustrated by a scenario that focuses on the potentials of advising on the Internet. For many consumers, electronic banking means 24-hour access to redeem with an automated counter machine (ATMS), or direct deposit of paychecks for the checking or savings accounts. But electronic banking now involved many different types of negotiations. Electronic banking, also known as electronic funds transfer (EFT), uses computer and electronic technology as a replacement for paper checks and other negotiations. EFTS is initiated through devices like cards or codes that you can, or that you authorize to accesses your account. Many financial institutions use ATM or debit cards and personal identification numbers (NEEDLES) for this purpose. One uses other forms of payment cards such as those that require the most, your signature or a check. The federal Electronic Fund Transfer Act (EFT Act) covers some electronic consumer negotiations. Although Internet banking has been widely adopted in developed countries, there is a group of customers resisting the services. In other words, Internet banking, although proven to be a successful innovation is not yet adopted by the laggards have become, and therefore have all the expectations of banks did not hit. Therefore, the purpose of dissertation is to identify the reasons for the sales resistance to Internet banking. The special interest is to explore resistance among those who pay a customer who already has valid contracts for Internet, but preferably pays, pay their bills through ATMs. The goal is to identify the characteristics that generate resistance to Internet banking and their connections to values of individuals. To achieve the objective, 30 Finnish bank customers have used the detail ed Central finished interviewing approach and the laddering interviewing process. c. Statement of problems: To develop strategies for banks is to get people to pay online which was drawn a sample of 369 consumers from two universities in Kwazulu-Natal. Universities were chosen because they are an untapped e-commerce market segment. Workers at universities fit the profile of typical Internet users. Data were collected a used tissue based on survey. Statistical analysis has revealed that more men have used Internet banking than females. Automated telling machines custom was far greater than Internet banking usage. A large percentage of Internet bankers have used the service for burying account transfers and balance test / statements. Safety was the main issue for not paying in-line. Potential customers who have wanted guaranteed safety and loyalty rewards to get them to pay online. Internet banking has the potential to grow among tertiary institution workers. Some of the problems are explained below: Negotiation / Farms Explorers Risk Negotiation / edited risk arises holdings of dizziness, the error, system interruption, or other unexpected events that result in the inability of the institution to provide products or services. This risk exists in every product and service offered. The amount of the negotiated risk is influenced by the structure of the processing environment of the institution, including the types of services offered and the complexity of procedures and supporting technology. Credit Risk In general, the credit risk of a financial institution to mere fact not equal, that a loan will be produced by an e-banking channel. However, management should consider providing an effective management information systems, including assuring the performance of portfolios produced bear pursued through e-banking channels. LIQUIDITY, INTEREST RATE, PRICE / MARKET RISKS The Funding and investment-related risks could increase with the e-banking initiatives of an institution that depends on the volatility and judgmental of the acquired deposits. The Internet provides institutions with the ability to bring to the global market their products and services. On Internet-based advertising programs can effectively yield-focused investors with potentially high-adapted resulting deposits. But Internet-produced deposits have the potential to attract customers, which may focus exclusively on rates, and a source of funding with risk characteristics that are similar to deposits has provided care. An institution may, by this potential volatility and its extensive geographical reach agreement and deposit account control to open the practice of personal meetings and involve the exchange of paper correspondence is expected. COMPLIANCE / LEGAL RISK Compliance and legal issues arising from the rapid growth in usage of e-banking is based, and the differences between electronic and paper methods. E-banking is essentially a new delivery channel where the laws and rules that may govern the electronic delivery of certain financial institution products or services to be ambiguous or even developing. Governing laws and regulations, consumers bargaining, require specific types of disclosures, notes, recordings or tours of conditions. These conditions also apply to e-banking and federal banking agencies continue to update consumer laws and regulations, the impact of electronic banking and online customer relationships to reflect. STRATEGIC RISK A committee should understand the financial institution and manage the risks that are associated with e-banking services and the emerging risk management costs against the potential return on investment-bank Offered in essential services evaluated. Poor e-banking planning and investment decisions are to increase the strategic risk of a financial institution. Early adopters of the new e-banking services can be as forerunners who may expect to establish the needs of their customers, but by then incur higher costs and increased complexity in their decision. REPUTATION RISK One institution, e-banking services to offer, especially the more complex transactional services and significant increases in its level of reputation risk make risked. Some of the inputs, which e-banking affect the reputation of an institution may include, loss of confidence due to unauthorized activity on customer accounts disclosure or theft of confidential customer information to unauthorized parties(e.g. hackers), failure to marketing requirements, supply, failure to provide reliable service on the basis of the frequency, or duration of service interruption, customer complaints about the difficulty in e-banking practices and the inability of essential services desk to resolve problems, and confusion between services that are provided by the financial institution and the services which has been supplied by other businesses, which has been linked from the site. d. Purpose of Study E-Commerce revolutionized the way business is headed. New business models to replace outdated and organizations to think of business processes and customer relationship management strategies drafts. Banks are no exception to this transformation. This study examines the views of bankers on providing banking services to help customers use the tissue. Specifically, it speaks expenditure, such as the strategic need for Internet banking, its effect on client-bank relationships, and the experiences of customers in internet banking. Advantages of internet banking to banks I. Cost savings Orr (1999) states, the electronic processing dramatically reduce the cost per procedure, according DiDio (1998), the average transaction cost at a full service bank about $ 1.07. It reduced to $ 0.27 an ATMS and falls to a penny if the same transaction is conducted on the fabric. Also, there are opportunities for banks to hand over customer invoices electronically. The cost to deliver invoices to be electronically much lower than when the bill was in paper form, which has been delivered through the mail. Irvine (1999) states, the electronic bill presentation costs 40% less than paper delivery. These cost savings can offer customer pays, and similar reduced costs of the banking system and still provides effective and differentiated services. II. Loyal customers Loyal customers have in a new study that was conducted by Forrester Research, 61% of respondents claimed that if their banks offered financial services that they wanted, they would prefer the service of the Bank use. With this knowledge of the Offering consumers interest in mind to move banks, a hub of financial services including bill presentation and payment, financial planning, estate planning, insurance, loans, and brokerage services. The Internet allows for these converging financial services not previously available in one central location. III. Offer additional services Do you offer additional services as mentioned above, to move many banks to offer customers a financial portal? This portal concept offers banks a new role in the business of serving customers. Simply an Internet presence has not supplied one income stream banks. However, by offering a wide array of products and services that can benefit from internet banking integration. By creating financial portal where consumers can manage a wide range of financial activities, such as stocks and mortgages, banks can benefit from offering Internet capabilities to help customers (Wah, 1999). IV. Internet Profit Generation E-commerce, if properly integrated into existing banking operations can lead to significant cost savings and higher profitability. Find cost savings due to automate customer negotiations, such as fund transfers, payments, account balance inquiries etc. Strategic alliances with insurance companies, mortgage companies and stock brokerage firms can lead to additional business opportunities that will otherwise go unfulfilled. In addition, banks can retain customers more effectively if offering services, the value-addition are. High-profit customers, which some studies suggest that entice the demographic of internet banking customers. Wells Fargo Bank online customers have an annual median income of $ 75,000 with higher education levels than the average wells Fargo customer (Hoffman, 1999a). Also this group of customers is more profitable than the bricks-and-mortar counterparts. They generate 50% more income than the average wells Fargo customer, holds a 20% increase in balance, yet uses 50% product, and its wear rate is 50% of the total wear rate. Furthermore, on average, it costs 14% less compared to those customers bricks-and-mortar customers (Time well and Kung, wait 1999). Advantages of internet banking to consumers A. Cost savings Cyberspace is cheaper to operate than brick and mortar structure, and this cost advantage can often be further passed to consumers. The Internet Banking cost structure allows consumers to receive cost savings, and financial benefits for depositing online. A comparison of the (e-banking) and depositing one (parent bank a brick and mortar bank) offers an illustration of this point. For checking accounts Wingspan offers an interest rate of 4.5% interest, which is compared, one1%deposit.It also offers more options begins in the mortgage and insurance, with 60 loaning companies and 15 insurance salesmen. It also offers customers an advantage over to his parent in the field of electronic bill payment, which offers the service for no extra charge, while depositing, one invites $ 4.95 per month (, 1999). B. Access to additional services On Basic transactional web sites allows customers to check account adjustments, possession and new banking statements. Systems that allow customers to initiate negotiations on-line, such as transferring money between accounts or making payments, provides customers additional benefits. These elevated sites allow customers to pay bills to request and review loans and mortgages, credit cards and checking accounts. The financial institutions that offer extensive online services, well, are set to be a leader (Hickman, 1999). By offering this great umbrella of the service trust of one who pays the institution, these companies can save a larger share of the financial transaction from a customer. C. A good shopping stop: Banks, adds real time loan applications, added the ability to make IRA investments, the opportunity to trade shares through their websites. The tendency for flocking that is pays predicted to shape the future of Internet banking on. This concept of one-stop shopping is convenient and leads to more satisfied customers. 2. Literature review In literature review I shall discuss the following: a) Critical review of the literature as Use of relevant literature b) Evidence of understanding the ideas expressed c) Develop a critical focus Critical Review of the literature: Paying online or Internet offers consumers and business like the convenience of managing banking and financial responsibilities of home A. Online banking can also be a lifeline for those who can not leave his house, or may live in rural areas where access can be restricted to banks. To be able to check your bank, savings and justify Digital Banking customers have a range of internet banks have to meet those needs to ensure customer loyalty. Consequently, change Internet banking services in general, and on finding feedback paid online services are important to this book. Our investigations of online banks allow you to compare internet banks and to find the best service that is available with investigations of Lloyd internet banking, a paid online, a HSBC and Barclays internet charges among others. If you are Internet banking, please send us your internet, the review and makes known repaying us your thoughts and experiences of the personal Internet banking INTERNET BANKING SERVICES AND FEATURES i. Checking your balance and statements online ii. Fund Transfers iii. Bill Payments iv. Managing savings and current account v. Cards service vi. Order cheque and books request vii. Please ask for stop cheque payments viii. Fixed Deposit accommodation ix. Requested by the Statement Internet distribution strategy decisions These are the key strategic decisions for e-marketing with strategic choices for traditional marketing. They engage in selective target customer groups and giving, how to deliver value to these groups. Segmentation that aim is to have differentiation and positioning of the entire key to effective digital marketing; the main thrust of the e-marketing strategy is takes decisions on the selective targeting of client groups and different forms of value delivery for online channels. It is a similar issue with e-buyer strategies see link at the footer of the article. In an e-marketing context, we can say: a. E-marketing strategy is a channel strategy. b. Specific e-marketing objectives must be set adoption rate of e-channels have been compared to other channels for different audiences. c. E-channel strategies thrive on creating a different value for all parties to a negotiated. d. But E-channel does not exist in isolation, so we still need to manage channel integration, and acknowledges that the adoption of e-channels will not be suitable for all products or services or generates sufficient value for all partners. Thus E-marketing strategy is defined as we should: a) Communicate the benefits of using e-channel. b) Guide Put priority on public or partners for e-channel adoption of third targeted. Set priority products and has sold through e-channel purchased. c) Achieve our goals through e-channel tactics for online customer acquisition, conversion (conspiracy) and retention. A strategic option exists to replicate offline segmentation, which aims at a differentiated manner, and in the online channels. While this is relatively easy to run the company will likely lose market share, compared with more nimble competitors who modify their approach to online channels. An example of a strategy makes no grocery shopping, where some pet shops have released to all parts of the country or not, not providing the service in general. These supermarkets will lose customers to the most enthusiastic adopters of online channels, such as Tesco and Sainsbury; the victory will be difficult to be back sides in future. Segmentation / strategy aimed at company online customers have different demographic characteristics, needs and offline behavior to its customers. It follows that different approaches may be required to segmentation, and specific sectors may be choosy need to be targeted. The manner / the online product differentiation strategy competitors and service offerings are often different in the online environment. Develop a suitable online value proposition is as below describe an important aspect of this strategy. Has many examples of online information is based on the lower costs achieved distinction in and retaining online customers, which are then passed to customers. Examples include: Retailers offering lower prices online. For example Tesco (price promotions on selected products), Comet (discounted when compared to in store on some products) Lower cost airlines offers flights to online bookings. Examples: easy Jet, Ryan air, BA. Financial services firms offering higher interest rates on savings products, its lower interest rates on credit products such as credit cards and loans. Examples: Nationally, federal and Leicester. Mobile phone network provider or Utilities, the lower cost of fares or discounts offered for customer accounts that are managed online paperless billing. Examples: O2, British Gas. Other options for differentiation are available on-line for companies where their products are not suitable for sale online, such as high value or complex products or FMCG brands sold by retailers. These companies may use online to add the brand or the product value by provide additional value services or different types of experience. 1. Online CRM strategy: It will focus on various aspects of the customer life cycle for online customers in terms of: Acquisitions Strategies, attract new customers to a company, and existing customers about online channels, to migrate. Separate targets should be set for each. Retention using online channels proliferate, retention, and value of the customer company. Reactivation encouraging continued use of online channels from customers that have passed, for example, had online or home shopping service, buys the service, but has now stopped. This may be driven by setting targets for% active customers. Customer knowledge (familiarity) learning more about the customer through profiling and monitoring of behavior. 2. Online value proposition strategy: It defines the value proposal for the acquisition and retention, engage with customers is online. Close communicative and promotional incentives which use to encourage trial. Program also defines the value creation through time for example, white papers are available for example monthly or seasonal sales promotions made. 3. Online has targeted range strategy. Objective: Communicate with relevant online audiences to achieve communication goals. The communications typically include: building brand awareness and favorability build impulsive online purchase, growing offline purchase intent, list or migrating existing customers to online channels. Focus: New customer acquisition: Communication strategy with selected sections of online customers through media buying, PR, is to sending e-mail, viral campaigns and sponsorship or partnership arrangements. Driven by goals of the online audience is share and number of visitors placed in different sections. The strategy may involve: A. To drive visitors to the company office B. To achieves brand awareness and interactions on third sites. C. Building brand awareness, favorability and purchase intent on third may be a more effective strategy for low participation FMCG brands, where it will be difficult to encourage visitors to the site. D. Offline has targeted range strategy. Encourage Target: Potential customers who use online channels that Visit site and performed where relevant. Focus: New customer acquisition and migration of existing customers online. Strategy to communicate with selected customers, divide by offline direct marketing, media buying, PR and sponsorship, driven by goals of the online audience share and number of visitors placed in different sections. E. Offline Sales Impact Objective Strategy: Use on-line communications, sales achieved by offline channels. Focus: Achieving sales off-line (new or existing customers may be defined) strategy, such as on-line communications through the website and the e-mail offline sales i.e. influenced by phone, mail or in-shop can. F. Online Sales Efficiency Strategy Objective: Job visitors turn to buy Focus: Achievement sales online (may encourage new or existing customers to be) For transactional e-commerce jobs, a strategy that point visitors to purchase online mercantile, promotions, etc. For other types of agencies multiplying conversion factors leads. As part of this strategy options to convert visitors to action, exploring reduce (or attribution installments) is, i.e. first-time buyer promotions, job design improvements, website and landing page optimization. Triggered event, has e-mails are used automatically to convert potential sales to sales. Introduction: Although cost in retail banking in Europe is confronted with quite similar challenges and changes that are changing responses considerable. 1. This shows the changes in the strategic orientation: Which are apart from walking organization structures by individual banks and different characteristics of national markets? The operating authority and the capitalization of banks play an important role in the selection of a suitable banking strategy. Country-specific factors include customer benefits, the degree of competition and informal legal framework, among other things, a. This article focuses on retail banking strategies. The emphasis is on retail banking in the broadest sense of the word. In fact, many banks have re-discovered in the retail cost, which pays for the collapse, charges of operating and investing activities and the fall in stock prices over the last few years. In section two we begin with a brief summary of known trends in banking. Sections three to four focuses on domestic and international banking strategies, respectively. Both sections have the same statement. The first part describes the retail banking strategies in general. The second part of the business with strategic positioning of the Rabobank Group and explains how Rabobank Group with these general trends and challenges overcome. 2. General trends in European banking Which will be depositing the Europeans who pays the countryside, continue to experience dramatic change over the next few years (see McDonald. Trends affecting the banking industry include privatization, regulation and supervision, demographic factors, a technological innovation yet the EMU and the importance of propagating sustainable banking. The privatization of banks is high on the agenda in France, Germany and Italy. As the influence of government relations in competitive weight loss financial sector, and in the banking industry in particular, is experiencing significant change. Developments in regulation and supervision affect the banking industry through various Channels. It was not until deregulation of the financial sector will continue to eat away the barriers that deny access to the market for new suppliers of financial products. On the other hand, we see an increase in national legislation, particularly in the area of consumer protection. Regarding supervision, the new BIS capital adequacy rules, tremendous impact on the all banking business have. The combination of an aging population in Europe and financial constraints on state pensions will be a surge in filling retirement benefit plans to produce. These various developments are the implications for traditional forms of saving and, therefore, for the financing activities of banks have. In this respect, an analyst strong growth among institutional investors, including pension schemes before. 1. Does German bank Research for an analysis of banking strategies in European countries. 2. Argue that technological developments are fundamentally changing the cost structure, output mix and distribution channels of banks. Actually, he goes too far say that the developments in information technology the most fundamental force for change in the financial sector. Those procedures for deeper and more liquid markets resulting from EMU main euro will continue for some time. These will increasingly cheaper and easier for medium and large corporate do, raise money directly in these markets instead of borrowing from banks. Finally, the growing importance is sustainable banking is a tendency that can not be denied. Banks will judge on their apparent social and selected environmental responsibility by customers and investors. 3. All these driving forces behind the structural changes in the Europeans, pays the industry not only has an independent effect on the structure of the market, but also acts on each other and thus enhance can. These factors include far-reaching implications for the market structure, the characteristics, such as: concentration, capacity, competition, efficiency and profitability. There is competition among banks but also between banks and other things, the new financial intermediaries to be strengthened. 4. Internal strategy of costs in retail banking. This section describes strategies in general. The strategic vision and the election of the Rabobank Group are discussed in section 3.2. 3.1 Inside strategic options, strategies Deposit, improve performance, and grow in domestic markets, can in three Main categories are divided: To distinguish A. Cost reduction B. Income growth or organic C. Associations, and acquisitions and cost reduction frets A. Different costs, the strategies can reduce as regular as thin down, multi channeling, and outside-in and co-sourcing. Thin down refer to the assessments of banks of ways to improve their internal cost structure, and to increase efficiency. This takes place when economic conditions are unfavorable, and happens every few years. New elections are on priorities and the bands of the working staff is close been investigated by the bank. Other companies, banks tend to grow fat in prosperous times, is usually compensated for in an economic downturn. An additional driver for cost reduction is the current trend of changing distribution channels that are caused by ICT innovations. Banks will be forced to invest heavily in ICT to stay competitive. Most banks now use a multiple approach in guiding the distribution of their products and the maintenance of their customers. Use branches, telephone, ATM and Internet all at once. The public has a massive shot to the new (direct) channels, which have r educed the number of visits to the bank itself, the development of customer and a blueprint for the future. This change provides customers preferred a great opportunity to reduce the cost of relatively expensive branch network to. Many banks are therefore currently re-examining their distribution processes. However, ICT investments are high and therefore it is increasingly important for banks to organize their back offices in the most effective way. Sufficient scale to reduce unit, or transaction costs are the key. Banks can choose from several strategies to optimize their back office activities: co-sourcing, in sourcing to stock and white labeling off. Co-sourcing is the caterer of back office platform with another bank. In sourcing means the back office operations for other parties running in order to realize sufficient scale. Outsourcing is the order of activities and buying them back from other companies. White Label states the production of products for others, mostly non-financial parties without a label. 5. within organizations, can set up to scale economies of shared customer service centers are met. Shared customer centers show the interlocking of back office operations of several subsidiaries. They can be seen as an internal coor in sourcing initiatives. 6. This strategy is described under the income increases, the strategies. Technically speaking depend, is the preferred strategy Art sourcing mainly on the shape of cost curves for a certain product, the position of the bank on that curve, and the price of the option. 7. There are three hypothetical cost curves from the shape of the curves may differ for different products, because the relationship between fixed and Variablekosten varies per product. The curves do not necessarily show a continuous downward slope with wax volumes, since likely at some point need new investments to be treated, propagation, characterized scale. Theoretically, therefore, can lead insourcing, intuitive results counter: multiplying unit cost. The position of the cost curves can also differ between countries, which are the main driver behind the current trend of outsourcing ICT activities to low wage countries such as India. Expect 2 Hypothetical devel Strategies to Gain New Customers via Internet Banking Strategies to Gain New Customers via Internet Banking 1. Introduction It includes the following topics: a. A clear statement of the purpose of the thesis b. Reasons for the study c. Statement of problems d. Purpose of the study a. The purpose of the thesis: If students have to write their M.B.A theses, which make a large number of significant errors, this is the main reason why their projects return for audit. Disappointed and falls, they need to proofread and to work for their dissertations. It has taken so much time for them to write their dissertations, and now they should start from the exact beginning. I shall show you how to avoid failure in the basic thesis and is, as you know about this failure. The most important thing about the dissertation writing is that you should understand clearly the purpose of the letter. The main purpose of writing of a dissertation is to provide a student with an opportunity to discover something new in the field of investigation. If the student can lead a deep, wise and profound Research, and can draw a clear conclusion about his / her research with any discoveries that present in the final dissertation, he reached the end. One more important thing is to writing a thesis that you should know about th e latest discoveries in the field of investigation. That purpose, writing a dissertation, can be achieved through lectures and analysis of relevant sources thesis. A student should be aware of the position of the writer and should appreciate the critical position. There is no doubt that you will succeed in your dissertation, if you know the main purpose of writing a dissertation, which will be presented by me. Apply for M.B.A dissertation to get a piece of good advice. M.B.A dissertation is always willing to help you. For many courses forms part of a dissertation is to complete study for a degree. For some courses it is linked with work experience. It provides you with an opportunity to take a piece of individual research work and to really examine an aspect of the theme that you are studying closely. b. Reasons for the investigation: There are opportunities for the effective use of the Internet with regard to the banking industry. It is shown that may cause the appropriate application of todays cutting-edge technology at a significant competitive advantage for banks. This is illustrated by a scenario that focuses on the potentials of advising on the Internet. For many consumers, electronic banking means 24-hour access to redeem with an automated counter machine (ATMS), or direct deposit of paychecks for the checking or savings accounts. But electronic banking now involved many different types of negotiations. Electronic banking, also known as electronic funds transfer (EFT), uses computer and electronic technology as a replacement for paper checks and other negotiations. EFTS is initiated through devices like cards or codes that you can, or that you authorize to accesses your account. Many financial institutions use ATM or debit cards and personal identification numbers (NEEDLES) for this purpose. One uses other forms of payment cards such as those that require the most, your signature or a check. The federal Electronic Fund Transfer Act (EFT Act) covers some electronic consumer negotiations. Although Internet banking has been widely adopted in developed countries, there is a group of customers resisting the services. In other words, Internet banking, although proven to be a successful innovation is not yet adopted by the laggards have become, and therefore have all the expectations of banks did not hit. Therefore, the purpose of dissertation is to identify the reasons for the sales resistance to Internet banking. The special interest is to explore resistance among those who pay a customer who already has valid contracts for Internet, but preferably pays, pay their bills through ATMs. The goal is to identify the characteristics that generate resistance to Internet banking and their connections to values of individuals. To achieve the objective, 30 Finnish bank customers have used the detail ed Central finished interviewing approach and the laddering interviewing process. c. Statement of problems: To develop strategies for banks is to get people to pay online which was drawn a sample of 369 consumers from two universities in Kwazulu-Natal. Universities were chosen because they are an untapped e-commerce market segment. Workers at universities fit the profile of typical Internet users. Data were collected a used tissue based on survey. Statistical analysis has revealed that more men have used Internet banking than females. Automated telling machines custom was far greater than Internet banking usage. A large percentage of Internet bankers have used the service for burying account transfers and balance test / statements. Safety was the main issue for not paying in-line. Potential customers who have wanted guaranteed safety and loyalty rewards to get them to pay online. Internet banking has the potential to grow among tertiary institution workers. Some of the problems are explained below: Negotiation / Farms Explorers Risk Negotiation / edited risk arises holdings of dizziness, the error, system interruption, or other unexpected events that result in the inability of the institution to provide products or services. This risk exists in every product and service offered. The amount of the negotiated risk is influenced by the structure of the processing environment of the institution, including the types of services offered and the complexity of procedures and supporting technology. Credit Risk In general, the credit risk of a financial institution to mere fact not equal, that a loan will be produced by an e-banking channel. However, management should consider providing an effective management information systems, including assuring the performance of portfolios produced bear pursued through e-banking channels. LIQUIDITY, INTEREST RATE, PRICE / MARKET RISKS The Funding and investment-related risks could increase with the e-banking initiatives of an institution that depends on the volatility and judgmental of the acquired deposits. The Internet provides institutions with the ability to bring to the global market their products and services. On Internet-based advertising programs can effectively yield-focused investors with potentially high-adapted resulting deposits. But Internet-produced deposits have the potential to attract customers, which may focus exclusively on rates, and a source of funding with risk characteristics that are similar to deposits has provided care. An institution may, by this potential volatility and its extensive geographical reach agreement and deposit account control to open the practice of personal meetings and involve the exchange of paper correspondence is expected. COMPLIANCE / LEGAL RISK Compliance and legal issues arising from the rapid growth in usage of e-banking is based, and the differences between electronic and paper methods. E-banking is essentially a new delivery channel where the laws and rules that may govern the electronic delivery of certain financial institution products or services to be ambiguous or even developing. Governing laws and regulations, consumers bargaining, require specific types of disclosures, notes, recordings or tours of conditions. These conditions also apply to e-banking and federal banking agencies continue to update consumer laws and regulations, the impact of electronic banking and online customer relationships to reflect. STRATEGIC RISK A committee should understand the financial institution and manage the risks that are associated with e-banking services and the emerging risk management costs against the potential return on investment-bank Offered in essential services evaluated. Poor e-banking planning and investment decisions are to increase the strategic risk of a financial institution. Early adopters of the new e-banking services can be as forerunners who may expect to establish the needs of their customers, but by then incur higher costs and increased complexity in their decision. REPUTATION RISK One institution, e-banking services to offer, especially the more complex transactional services and significant increases in its level of reputation risk make risked. Some of the inputs, which e-banking affect the reputation of an institution may include, loss of confidence due to unauthorized activity on customer accounts disclosure or theft of confidential customer information to unauthorized parties(e.g. hackers), failure to marketing requirements, supply, failure to provide reliable service on the basis of the frequency, or duration of service interruption, customer complaints about the difficulty in e-banking practices and the inability of essential services desk to resolve problems, and confusion between services that are provided by the financial institution and the services which has been supplied by other businesses, which has been linked from the site. d. Purpose of Study E-Commerce revolutionized the way business is headed. New business models to replace outdated and organizations to think of business processes and customer relationship management strategies drafts. Banks are no exception to this transformation. This study examines the views of bankers on providing banking services to help customers use the tissue. Specifically, it speaks expenditure, such as the strategic need for Internet banking, its effect on client-bank relationships, and the experiences of customers in internet banking. Advantages of internet banking to banks I. Cost savings Orr (1999) states, the electronic processing dramatically reduce the cost per procedure, according DiDio (1998), the average transaction cost at a full service bank about $ 1.07. It reduced to $ 0.27 an ATMS and falls to a penny if the same transaction is conducted on the fabric. Also, there are opportunities for banks to hand over customer invoices electronically. The cost to deliver invoices to be electronically much lower than when the bill was in paper form, which has been delivered through the mail. Irvine (1999) states, the electronic bill presentation costs 40% less than paper delivery. These cost savings can offer customer pays, and similar reduced costs of the banking system and still provides effective and differentiated services. II. Loyal customers Loyal customers have in a new study that was conducted by Forrester Research, 61% of respondents claimed that if their banks offered financial services that they wanted, they would prefer the service of the Bank use. With this knowledge of the Offering consumers interest in mind to move banks, a hub of financial services including bill presentation and payment, financial planning, estate planning, insurance, loans, and brokerage services. The Internet allows for these converging financial services not previously available in one central location. III. Offer additional services Do you offer additional services as mentioned above, to move many banks to offer customers a financial portal? This portal concept offers banks a new role in the business of serving customers. Simply an Internet presence has not supplied one income stream banks. However, by offering a wide array of products and services that can benefit from internet banking integration. By creating financial portal where consumers can manage a wide range of financial activities, such as stocks and mortgages, banks can benefit from offering Internet capabilities to help customers (Wah, 1999). IV. Internet Profit Generation E-commerce, if properly integrated into existing banking operations can lead to significant cost savings and higher profitability. Find cost savings due to automate customer negotiations, such as fund transfers, payments, account balance inquiries etc. Strategic alliances with insurance companies, mortgage companies and stock brokerage firms can lead to additional business opportunities that will otherwise go unfulfilled. In addition, banks can retain customers more effectively if offering services, the value-addition are. High-profit customers, which some studies suggest that entice the demographic of internet banking customers. Wells Fargo Bank online customers have an annual median income of $ 75,000 with higher education levels than the average wells Fargo customer (Hoffman, 1999a). Also this group of customers is more profitable than the bricks-and-mortar counterparts. They generate 50% more income than the average wells Fargo customer, holds a 20% increase in balance, yet uses 50% product, and its wear rate is 50% of the total wear rate. Furthermore, on average, it costs 14% less compared to those customers bricks-and-mortar customers (Time well and Kung, wait 1999). Advantages of internet banking to consumers A. Cost savings Cyberspace is cheaper to operate than brick and mortar structure, and this cost advantage can often be further passed to consumers. The Internet Banking cost structure allows consumers to receive cost savings, and financial benefits for depositing online. A comparison of the (e-banking) and depositing one (parent bank a brick and mortar bank) offers an illustration of this point. For checking accounts Wingspan offers an interest rate of 4.5% interest, which is compared, one1%deposit.It also offers more options begins in the mortgage and insurance, with 60 loaning companies and 15 insurance salesmen. It also offers customers an advantage over to his parent in the field of electronic bill payment, which offers the service for no extra charge, while depositing, one invites $ 4.95 per month (, 1999). B. Access to additional services On Basic transactional web sites allows customers to check account adjustments, possession and new banking statements. Systems that allow customers to initiate negotiations on-line, such as transferring money between accounts or making payments, provides customers additional benefits. These elevated sites allow customers to pay bills to request and review loans and mortgages, credit cards and checking accounts. The financial institutions that offer extensive online services, well, are set to be a leader (Hickman, 1999). By offering this great umbrella of the service trust of one who pays the institution, these companies can save a larger share of the financial transaction from a customer. C. A good shopping stop: Banks, adds real time loan applications, added the ability to make IRA investments, the opportunity to trade shares through their websites. The tendency for flocking that is pays predicted to shape the future of Internet banking on. This concept of one-stop shopping is convenient and leads to more satisfied customers. 2. Literature review In literature review I shall discuss the following: a) Critical review of the literature as Use of relevant literature b) Evidence of understanding the ideas expressed c) Develop a critical focus Critical Review of the literature: Paying online or Internet offers consumers and business like the convenience of managing banking and financial responsibilities of home A. Online banking can also be a lifeline for those who can not leave his house, or may live in rural areas where access can be restricted to banks. To be able to check your bank, savings and justify Digital Banking customers have a range of internet banks have to meet those needs to ensure customer loyalty. Consequently, change Internet banking services in general, and on finding feedback paid online services are important to this book. Our investigations of online banks allow you to compare internet banks and to find the best service that is available with investigations of Lloyd internet banking, a paid online, a HSBC and Barclays internet charges among others. If you are Internet banking, please send us your internet, the review and makes known repaying us your thoughts and experiences of the personal Internet banking INTERNET BANKING SERVICES AND FEATURES i. Checking your balance and statements online ii. Fund Transfers iii. Bill Payments iv. Managing savings and current account v. Cards service vi. Order cheque and books request vii. Please ask for stop cheque payments viii. Fixed Deposit accommodation ix. Requested by the Statement Internet distribution strategy decisions These are the key strategic decisions for e-marketing with strategic choices for traditional marketing. They engage in selective target customer groups and giving, how to deliver value to these groups. Segmentation that aim is to have differentiation and positioning of the entire key to effective digital marketing; the main thrust of the e-marketing strategy is takes decisions on the selective targeting of client groups and different forms of value delivery for online channels. It is a similar issue with e-buyer strategies see link at the footer of the article. In an e-marketing context, we can say: a. E-marketing strategy is a channel strategy. b. Specific e-marketing objectives must be set adoption rate of e-channels have been compared to other channels for different audiences. c. E-channel strategies thrive on creating a different value for all parties to a negotiated. d. But E-channel does not exist in isolation, so we still need to manage channel integration, and acknowledges that the adoption of e-channels will not be suitable for all products or services or generates sufficient value for all partners. Thus E-marketing strategy is defined as we should: a) Communicate the benefits of using e-channel. b) Guide Put priority on public or partners for e-channel adoption of third targeted. Set priority products and has sold through e-channel purchased. c) Achieve our goals through e-channel tactics for online customer acquisition, conversion (conspiracy) and retention. A strategic option exists to replicate offline segmentation, which aims at a differentiated manner, and in the online channels. While this is relatively easy to run the company will likely lose market share, compared with more nimble competitors who modify their approach to online channels. An example of a strategy makes no grocery shopping, where some pet shops have released to all parts of the country or not, not providing the service in general. These supermarkets will lose customers to the most enthusiastic adopters of online channels, such as Tesco and Sainsbury; the victory will be difficult to be back sides in future. Segmentation / strategy aimed at company online customers have different demographic characteristics, needs and offline behavior to its customers. It follows that different approaches may be required to segmentation, and specific sectors may be choosy need to be targeted. The manner / the online product differentiation strategy competitors and service offerings are often different in the online environment. Develop a suitable online value proposition is as below describe an important aspect of this strategy. Has many examples of online information is based on the lower costs achieved distinction in and retaining online customers, which are then passed to customers. Examples include: Retailers offering lower prices online. For example Tesco (price promotions on selected products), Comet (discounted when compared to in store on some products) Lower cost airlines offers flights to online bookings. Examples: easy Jet, Ryan air, BA. Financial services firms offering higher interest rates on savings products, its lower interest rates on credit products such as credit cards and loans. Examples: Nationally, federal and Leicester. Mobile phone network provider or Utilities, the lower cost of fares or discounts offered for customer accounts that are managed online paperless billing. Examples: O2, British Gas. Other options for differentiation are available on-line for companies where their products are not suitable for sale online, such as high value or complex products or FMCG brands sold by retailers. These companies may use online to add the brand or the product value by provide additional value services or different types of experience. 1. Online CRM strategy: It will focus on various aspects of the customer life cycle for online customers in terms of: Acquisitions Strategies, attract new customers to a company, and existing customers about online channels, to migrate. Separate targets should be set for each. Retention using online channels proliferate, retention, and value of the customer company. Reactivation encouraging continued use of online channels from customers that have passed, for example, had online or home shopping service, buys the service, but has now stopped. This may be driven by setting targets for% active customers. Customer knowledge (familiarity) learning more about the customer through profiling and monitoring of behavior. 2. Online value proposition strategy: It defines the value proposal for the acquisition and retention, engage with customers is online. Close communicative and promotional incentives which use to encourage trial. Program also defines the value creation through time for example, white papers are available for example monthly or seasonal sales promotions made. 3. Online has targeted range strategy. Objective: Communicate with relevant online audiences to achieve communication goals. The communications typically include: building brand awareness and favorability build impulsive online purchase, growing offline purchase intent, list or migrating existing customers to online channels. Focus: New customer acquisition: Communication strategy with selected sections of online customers through media buying, PR, is to sending e-mail, viral campaigns and sponsorship or partnership arrangements. Driven by goals of the online audience is share and number of visitors placed in different sections. The strategy may involve: A. To drive visitors to the company office B. To achieves brand awareness and interactions on third sites. C. Building brand awareness, favorability and purchase intent on third may be a more effective strategy for low participation FMCG brands, where it will be difficult to encourage visitors to the site. D. Offline has targeted range strategy. Encourage Target: Potential customers who use online channels that Visit site and performed where relevant. Focus: New customer acquisition and migration of existing customers online. Strategy to communicate with selected customers, divide by offline direct marketing, media buying, PR and sponsorship, driven by goals of the online audience share and number of visitors placed in different sections. E. Offline Sales Impact Objective Strategy: Use on-line communications, sales achieved by offline channels. Focus: Achieving sales off-line (new or existing customers may be defined) strategy, such as on-line communications through the website and the e-mail offline sales i.e. influenced by phone, mail or in-shop can. F. Online Sales Efficiency Strategy Objective: Job visitors turn to buy Focus: Achievement sales online (may encourage new or existing customers to be) For transactional e-commerce jobs, a strategy that point visitors to purchase online mercantile, promotions, etc. For other types of agencies multiplying conversion factors leads. As part of this strategy options to convert visitors to action, exploring reduce (or attribution installments) is, i.e. first-time buyer promotions, job design improvements, website and landing page optimization. Triggered event, has e-mails are used automatically to convert potential sales to sales. Introduction: Although cost in retail banking in Europe is confronted with quite similar challenges and changes that are changing responses considerable. 1. This shows the changes in the strategic orientation: Which are apart from walking organization structures by individual banks and different characteristics of national markets? The operating authority and the capitalization of banks play an important role in the selection of a suitable banking strategy. Country-specific factors include customer benefits, the degree of competition and informal legal framework, among other things, a. This article focuses on retail banking strategies. The emphasis is on retail banking in the broadest sense of the word. In fact, many banks have re-discovered in the retail cost, which pays for the collapse, charges of operating and investing activities and the fall in stock prices over the last few years. In section two we begin with a brief summary of known trends in banking. Sections three to four focuses on domestic and international banking strategies, respectively. Both sections have the same statement. The first part describes the retail banking strategies in general. The second part of the business with strategic positioning of the Rabobank Group and explains how Rabobank Group with these general trends and challenges overcome. 2. General trends in European banking Which will be depositing the Europeans who pays the countryside, continue to experience dramatic change over the next few years (see McDonald. Trends affecting the banking industry include privatization, regulation and supervision, demographic factors, a technological innovation yet the EMU and the importance of propagating sustainable banking. The privatization of banks is high on the agenda in France, Germany and Italy. As the influence of government relations in competitive weight loss financial sector, and in the banking industry in particular, is experiencing significant change. Developments in regulation and supervision affect the banking industry through various Channels. It was not until deregulation of the financial sector will continue to eat away the barriers that deny access to the market for new suppliers of financial products. On the other hand, we see an increase in national legislation, particularly in the area of consumer protection. Regarding supervision, the new BIS capital adequacy rules, tremendous impact on the all banking business have. The combination of an aging population in Europe and financial constraints on state pensions will be a surge in filling retirement benefit plans to produce. These various developments are the implications for traditional forms of saving and, therefore, for the financing activities of banks have. In this respect, an analyst strong growth among institutional investors, including pension schemes before. 1. Does German bank Research for an analysis of banking strategies in European countries. 2. Argue that technological developments are fundamentally changing the cost structure, output mix and distribution channels of banks. Actually, he goes too far say that the developments in information technology the most fundamental force for change in the financial sector. Those procedures for deeper and more liquid markets resulting from EMU main euro will continue for some time. These will increasingly cheaper and easier for medium and large corporate do, raise money directly in these markets instead of borrowing from banks. Finally, the growing importance is sustainable banking is a tendency that can not be denied. Banks will judge on their apparent social and selected environmental responsibility by customers and investors. 3. All these driving forces behind the structural changes in the Europeans, pays the industry not only has an independent effect on the structure of the market, but also acts on each other and thus enhance can. These factors include far-reaching implications for the market structure, the characteristics, such as: concentration, capacity, competition, efficiency and profitability. There is competition among banks but also between banks and other things, the new financial intermediaries to be strengthened. 4. Internal strategy of costs in retail banking. This section describes strategies in general. The strategic vision and the election of the Rabobank Group are discussed in section 3.2. 3.1 Inside strategic options, strategies Deposit, improve performance, and grow in domestic markets, can in three Main categories are divided: To distinguish A. Cost reduction B. Income growth or organic C. Associations, and acquisitions and cost reduction frets A. Different costs, the strategies can reduce as regular as thin down, multi channeling, and outside-in and co-sourcing. Thin down refer to the assessments of banks of ways to improve their internal cost structure, and to increase efficiency. This takes place when economic conditions are unfavorable, and happens every few years. New elections are on priorities and the bands of the working staff is close been investigated by the bank. Other companies, banks tend to grow fat in prosperous times, is usually compensated for in an economic downturn. An additional driver for cost reduction is the current trend of changing distribution channels that are caused by ICT innovations. Banks will be forced to invest heavily in ICT to stay competitive. Most banks now use a multiple approach in guiding the distribution of their products and the maintenance of their customers. Use branches, telephone, ATM and Internet all at once. The public has a massive shot to the new (direct) channels, which have r educed the number of visits to the bank itself, the development of customer and a blueprint for the future. This change provides customers preferred a great opportunity to reduce the cost of relatively expensive branch network to. Many banks are therefore currently re-examining their distribution processes. However, ICT investments are high and therefore it is increasingly important for banks to organize their back offices in the most effective way. Sufficient scale to reduce unit, or transaction costs are the key. Banks can choose from several strategies to optimize their back office activities: co-sourcing, in sourcing to stock and white labeling off. Co-sourcing is the caterer of back office platform with another bank. In sourcing means the back office operations for other parties running in order to realize sufficient scale. Outsourcing is the order of activities and buying them back from other companies. White Label states the production of products for others, mostly non-financial parties without a label. 5. within organizations, can set up to scale economies of shared customer service centers are met. Shared customer centers show the interlocking of back office operations of several subsidiaries. They can be seen as an internal coor in sourcing initiatives. 6. This strategy is described under the income increases, the strategies. Technically speaking depend, is the preferred strategy Art sourcing mainly on the shape of cost curves for a certain product, the position of the bank on that curve, and the price of the option. 7. There are three hypothetical cost curves from the shape of the curves may differ for different products, because the relationship between fixed and Variablekosten varies per product. The curves do not necessarily show a continuous downward slope with wax volumes, since likely at some point need new investments to be treated, propagation, characterized scale. Theoretically, therefore, can lead insourcing, intuitive results counter: multiplying unit cost. The position of the cost curves can also differ between countries, which are the main driver behind the current trend of outsourcing ICT activities to low wage countries such as India. Expect 2 Hypothetical devel